Lust, Loss, and Immorality in the Little Mermaid Essay -- Fairy Tale C

The Little Mermaid Of Lust, Loss, and Immortality Under the sea, in an idyllic and beautiful garden, stands a statue of a young human being cut out of cold stone for the Little Mermaid who knows nothing but the sea, the statue stands as an emblem of the mysterious over-world, a stimulus for imagination and sexual desire, an inducing for expansion of experience, and most predominately, an indication that something great and all-encompassing is missing from her existence. Traces of curiosity and a vague indication of the complexities of adult desires mark the child mermaid in much(prenominal) a stage of development, the statue will suffice. However, as the Little Mermaid reaches puberty, the statue essential allegorically come alive in order to parallel the manifestation of her new-found adult desires the statue must become a prince in his world of adulthood above the sea. Thus, powered by an insistent and ambiguous longing for self-completion, the Little Mermaid embarks on a travel of self-discovery, and, to her ultimate misfortune, prematurely abandons her child-like self as sexual lust and the lust for an adult life takes hold of her. The paradisiacal kingdom under the sea is emblematical of childhood. At the onset of the story, the sea kingdom is described where the waters are as blue as the petals of the cornflower and as clear as glass, there, where no anchor can reach the bottom, and where one would have to pile many church towers on top of each other in order to reach the come up (Andersen 217). The sea describes the deep consciousness of the Little Mermaid as a young child, which is characterized by emotion, beauty, imagination, purity and innocence - representative successively of the water, flowers, the imaginative sim... ...rom an agonizing stray offers hope. Works Cited Anderson, Hans Christian. The Little Mermaid. Folk and Fairy Tales. 3rd ed. Eds. Martin Hallett and Barbara Karasek. Toronto Broadview, 2002.Cashdan, Sheldon. T he Witch Must Die The Hidden Meaning of Fairy Tales. New York Basic Books, 1999.Collins, Emily. Nabokovs Lolita and Andersons The Little Mermaid. Nabokov Studies 9 (2005) 77-100. 10 Oct. 2006. http//muse.jhu.edu.login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/journals/nabokov_studies/toc/nab9.1.htmlEasterlin, Nancy. Hans Christian Andersens Fish out of Water. Philosophy and Literature 25 (2001) 251-77. 6 Oct. 2006. http//muse.jhu.edu.login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/journals/philosophy_and_literature/v025/25.2easterlin.htmlPil, Dahlerup. Splash Six Views of The Little Mermaid. Norse Studies 62 (1990) 403-429.

Deforestation and Biodiversity Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Pa

De toneation, defined by biologist Charles Southwick as the destruction of forests may involve clear-cutting or selective logging (p. 365), is a predominantly human-driven process that is dramatically altering ecosystems worldwide. Clear-cutting involves the indiscriminant removal of every single plant and tree species from within a selected area. The separate major process of deforestation, selective logging, focuses removal efforts on only specific, predetermined tree species within a chosen area. The statistics gathered about human deforestation over time are considerable, and they can be somewhat controversial. Depending on the source and the location selected, the magnitude of deforestation varies. Southwick estimates that, approximately 10,000 years ago, 6.2 billion hectares (23.9 gazillion square miles) of forest existed on earth (p. 117). That figure is equivalent to 45.5% of the earths total land. He further estimates that, by 1990, this amount had declined 30%, with onl y 4.3 billion hectares of forest remaining (p. 117). Southwick also acknowledges other estimates that place the total amount of deforestation between 50% and 75% (p. 117). NASA has similar deforestation statistics that confirm these trends. According to their website, 16.5% of the Brazilian Amazon forests have been destroyed. They also note similar magnitudes of deforestation in Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam), despite the significantly smaller total area of forest within these countries. These grim figures are somewhat tempered by the NASA finding that, over the past ten years, the deforestation rate has declined from 6,200 square miles per year to 4,800 square miles per year. though this trend is n... ...later time. Though it is simply impossible to know what the ultimate effects will be on our long term survival as a species, it is important to bear in mind that, once a species has been eliminated through extinction, it cannot be brought back. So, for the overall health of our rainforests, their biodiversity, and the limitless potential contained therein, it is crucial for us, as humans, to induce as honest an effort as possible at their preservation. ReferencesSouthwick, Charles H. Global Ecology in Human Perspective. Oxford University Press New York, 1996.Vandermeer, J. & Perfecto, I. Breakfast of Biodiversity. The Institute for intellectual nourishment and Development Policy Oakland, CA, 1995.WebsitesNASAhttp//earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Library/Deforestation/deforestation_3.html National Institute of Healthhttp//ehp.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1997/105-11/focus-abs.html

Age and Category Blocked Presentation :: essays research papers

IntroductionThe effect of age and social class-blocked and random introduction on free recall and clustering is an important aspect of gather uping. Learning is a fundamental erectation of cognitive development. From the many aspects of learning, what we do to learn (the process) and what we learn (the outcome) atomic number 18 of heavy(p) importance. From the day a child is born, she is exposed to a variety of stimuli somewhat of which she result pay attention to, others she impart not. From those things which require her attention, she pass on either sort the information or comp be it with what she already knows.In a preceding(prenominal) study, Kail (1990) found that children memory capacity develop. It appears that individuals are able to recall items when they are categorically grouped (Lucariello & Nelson, 1985).There is evidence that age and intromission order has an affect on free recall (Yoshimura, Moely, & Shapiro, 1971). holding/RecallPresentation mannerHypo thesis The ability to learn new things and recall information is an important developmental task. As in the case of carnal abilities, the appears to be a peak age for mental abilities. In examining the processes of memory, how the information is organized and presented has been of great discussion.. In another study of free recall and clustering, Moely and Shapiro (1971) found clustering increased with age, but only with block presentation and clustering was higher for the category blocked condition than for any other condition (p. 490).MethodParticipantsTen children of kindergartener age and ten adults, ranging in age of 18-35 forget participate in the study. The adults will be recruited through class announcements (Dr. Applebys B105) and email notifications (B346). The kindergartners will be recruited from the IUPUI Child Development Center. There will be consent forms given to the parents of the kindergartners and the adults will be asked to complete a consent form.Materials23 blacken and white drawings of common items will be used (3 practice cards and 20 political campaign items). The items are from common categories (food, toys, furniture, vehicles, body parts). The drawings will be mount on 3 X 3 inch cards. We will use an individual entropy sheet to record the responses of separately participant.ProceduresHalf of the participants in each age group will be presented with the pictures in block order half are presented the pictures in random order. The experimenter will present the 20 items on at a time, along with a verbal label. The participant will repeat the verbal label after viewing each item.Age and Category Blocked Presentation essays research papers IntroductionThe effect of age and category-blocked and random presentation on free recall and clustering is an important aspect of learning. Learning is a basic foundation of cognitive development. From the many aspects of learning, what we do to learn (the process) and what we learn (the ou tcome) are of great importance. From the day a child is born, she is exposed to a variety of stimuli some of which she will pay attention to, others she will not. From those things which require her attention, she will either sort the information or compare it with what she already knows.In a previous study, Kail (1990) found that children memory capacity develop. It appears that individuals are able to recall items when they are categorically grouped (Lucariello & Nelson, 1985).There is evidence that age and presentation order has an affect on free recall (Yoshimura, Moely, & Shapiro, 1971). Memory/RecallPresentation MethodHypothesis The ability to learn new things and recall information is an important developmental task. As in the case of physical abilities, the appears to be a peak age for mental abilities. In examining the processes of memory, how the information is organized and presented has been of great discussion.. In another study of free recall and clustering, Moely and Shapiro (1971) found clustering increased with age, but only with block presentation and clustering was higher for the category blocked condition than for any other condition (p. 490).MethodParticipantsTen children of kindergartener age and ten adults, ranging in age of 18-35 will participate in the study. The adults will be recruited through class announcements (Dr. Applebys B105) and email notifications (B346). The kindergartners will be recruited from the IUPUI Child Development Center. There will be consent forms given to the parents of the kindergartners and the adults will be asked to complete a consent form.Materials23 black and white drawings of common items will be used (3 practice cards and 20 test items). The items are from common categories (food, toys, furniture, vehicles, body parts). The drawings will be mounted on 3 X 3 inch cards. We will use an individual data sheet to record the responses of each participant.ProceduresHalf of the participants in each age group wil l be presented with the pictures in block order half are presented the pictures in random order. The experimenter will present the 20 items on at a time, along with a verbal label. The participant will repeat the verbal label after viewing each item.

Review of Monsters Are Due On Maple Street :: essays research papers

?The Monsters Are Due On Maple Street? is a story ab protrude the paranoia of regular people. When the power and cry lines stop working on Maple Street, the residents become hostile. One boy puts an idea into their heads that aliens impersonating humans have done it. This single thought catalysts and soon all of the neighbors argon ready to hurt each other for answers. ?The Monsters Are Due On Maple Street? is a good play to see for all ages. The play is so relatable to viewers because the characters be the kind of people everyone knows. Steve Brand is the sensible character. He, alone, is the person who keeps level-headed throughout the entire ordeal. He addresses each development rationally and tries to keep everyone together. Charlie starts out as a friendly neighbor, but soon turns into the leader of the witch hunt. He even kills someone in his pursuit to find a scapegoat. He and the rest of the people on Maple Street become dangerously defensive once they?re willin g to hurt another human being.The play teaches are very important lesson on being too cautious. When faced with a small problem like a power outage, the residents of a small township turn on each other. It immortalises how vulnerable and paranoid humans sewer be. At the end of the play, the narrator says that this is something that could happen among humans anywhere, it is not just throttle to the ?Twilight Zone?. This is a departure from most other episodes, which end, ?only in the Twilight Zone?. This show, which broadcasted during the Cold War, is meant to demonstrate horrible things that could come from people being too paranoid and distrustful.This is a lesson which is still relevant today. Though the acting and dialogue seem to appeal to an older audience, young viewers can still enjoy and learn from this play. Prejudices, suspicion, and thoughtlessness are as prevalent as ever. For any problem, humans will look for a scapegoat. The War on Terror seems to bring si milar feelings as those around during the Cold War. The lesson of trusting other people is as relevant now as it was in 1960, when the show originally aired.

Essay --

This paper takes a case analysis approach to considering the ethical and legal implications of the honest to wellness care in contemporary America. The case scenario assumes that the government has enacted a new national health care policy. All citizens are guaranteed an annual income of $20,000 and the right to acquire (at an annual cost of $1,500) a comprehensive health insurance policy covering all routine medical and hospital costs. People who fail to obtain this insurance plan must pay cash for all health services. If non-insured case-by-cases do not have the money to pay for services, the hospital and/or atomic number 101 will deny treatment. This comprehensive insurance package is not without certain important limitations and exclusions. Notably, no coverage is provided for illness or disability arising directly from the individuals own unhealthy behaviors (e.g., smoking, overeating, drinking, etc.).This paper examines the legal and ethical implications of this he alth care system (for individual patients, hospital administrators, health care providers, and the society at large) by looking at the situation facing two hypothetical patients. The first patient, Mr. Puffer purchased the $1,500 plan but finds that costs related to the treatment of his lung genus Cancer are not covered (because Mr. Puffer is a long-time smoker). The second patient, Mr. Spender has failed to purchase the insurance plan and is now being denied admission and treatment for his intense appendicitis since he has neither insurance coverage nor the cash to pay for the treatment. Both Mr. Puffer and Mr. Spender contend that the hospital has violated their right to health care.wellness Care as a Moral Duty versus a Moral RightThe two patients claim... ...only solution to the dilemmas posed in this case is to completely re-design the health care system. It must have as its starting point a system of distributing health care benefits based on moral values, not food mark et values. A good beginning would be adherence to the moral principle that health care is (as both Mr. Puffer and Mr. Spender asserted) a basic right not a privilege based on income level or good behavior. If health care is indeed a right and not a privilege, an ethical system should provide for universal access to health care. Having established these basic guiding principles, the system designers would then have to grapple with the logistics of rationing active health care resources (as necessarily limited by technology, funding, etc.) in a manner which takes into account principles of distributive justice and the underlying values of the society.

Globalisation and trade liberalization are worldwide phenomena that hav

Globalisation and trade relaxation are worldwide phenomena that have significantly diversityd Australias trading relationships over the past decades.Globalisation and trade liberalization are worldwide phenomena thathave significantly changed Australias trading relationships over thepast decades. Traditionally , Australia is a highly protected countryagainst foreign competitors by victimization methods of protection such as responsibilitys and subsidies. However, since the 1980s Aust and many of theworld economies has faced substantial drop-offs in trade barriers inorder to promote what we known as Free Trade. Australia graduallyreduced its trade protections, which can be any actions by nationalgovernments that will give an artificial competitive advantage to national producers over foreign producers. The changes to the freetrade and protection policies has caused a significant improvement inthe number of Free Trade Agreements (FTA) and a shift in Australiastrading relationships, which in turn has light uponed firms, individualsand also the Australian government.Since the mid 1970s, Australia has started to reduce protection bycutting tariffs, tax on imports, from average tariff levels of 23% in1968 -69 to 4.4% in 2001. Traditionally, the highly subsidizedindustries (any form of support to keep domestic industriescompetitive) are sectors such as motor vehicle and textile, enclotheand footwear (TCF). These industries have a fixed low tariff levelbetween 2000 - 2005, to allow them to restructure and become moreinternationally competitive. Australias tariff reduction levels havegone way below those required by international trade agreement such asWTO agreement and the APEC. Australia in the last ... ...d this would affect the voting ratiosfor the government as benefits of tariff reductions and free tradepromotion would take a much longer period to arrive.Through the significant change of Australias protection levels andthe promotion of free trade, it is obvi ous that Australias majortrading partners is shifting from European countries to the hightrading potential Asian countries. This is due the enormous lease inmany developing countries, which results in a greater market for merchandise. This has brought a positive impact on Australias primary baseindustries such as minerals, therefore increasing the amount of exportrevenue for Australia. Free trade and the reduction in Protectionresult in the better performance of export as it generates Australiaseconomic growth, which in turn benefits firms, individuals and thegovernment sectors overall.

Latin LITWAU

He tried to ask the Ivy League Professors but they wouldnt declare him, but said, Null gratuity paradigm, which means There is no free lunch . My dad has been awarded the Mercantile 5 NATO Medal for service with NAT o in relation to the USAF Operation and NATO means North Atlantic Treaty Organic action and treaty comes from the Latin word transacts which means treatise, which means a written work dealing formally and systematically with a subject. 5.In the National Geographic Magazine, theres the word Atlas in, which comes f room late 16th atomic number 6 (originally denoting a person who supported a great burden) via Latin from Greek Atlas, the god who held up the pillars of the universe and whose p stricture appeared at the front of earlier atlases. 6. Eave this 2 EURO coin and it depicts a scene from a mosaic in Sparta, showing g Europe being abducted by Zeus, who has taken the form Of a bull. Europe is a figure from Greek mythology after whom Europe was named. 7. Mound a card game named NUN, which means one in Latin. The game lead uses until a player has one card left. The moment a player has just one card they must y ell NUN. If they are caught by some other player, the player must draw two new cards. On CE a player has no cards remaining the game is over, points are scored, and the GA me begins over again. 8. The National Capitol Columns at the united States National Arboretum in Was ingot D. C. Was influenced by the Roman architecture. 9. Watched a movie called The Odyssey.The Odyssey is Homers epic of Odyssey arrear struggle to military issue home after the Trojan War. While Odysseus battles mythical creatures and faces the wrath of the gods, his wife Penelope and his son Tell machs stave off suitors vying for Penelope hand and Ethicals john long enough of Odysseus to return. The Odyssey ends as Odysseus wins a contest to prove h is identity, slaughters the suitors, and retakes the throne of Ithaca. 10. The University Of Californians motto is Fia t Lug which means Let there be Leg HTH.

Marks and Spencer

AbstractCurrently, the retailer mark and Spencer (M&S) is not just salutary-recognized among the UK citizens, although its branches ar well established across the globe with many produce categories available. During young years, it has been open that the gross revenue growth of Marks and Spencers merchandising, which has been its oldest and most important area, has been in extraction while the growth of M&Ss pabulum sector has change magnitude at an impressive pace. This study will attempt to find the factors prudent for the declining gross revenue in enclothe and the rising growth in nutrient for thought of Marks and Spencer, and hope to shed some lights on which areas the play along should focus on to fix this decline in bargains. The method will rely on the literature reviews of article from credible sources as well as published books. The report card will be analysed in two sections factors bear upon a sales agreements events slump in clothing, and factors touching the rapid sales growth in the diet department.1. IntroductionEstablished in 1884, Marks and Spencer has grown from a single- grocery company to a multinational corporation that has many branches around the world, including in England, the United States, and Thailand (www.marksandspencer.com, 2014). not only has the 130-year-old corporation expanded across the globe, alone it has in addition increased its harvesting diversity as well. Although it began as a merchandising business, M&S currently sells a range of wares, including womens lingerie, sportswear, cosmetics and food. However recent sources, including Ahmed (2014), Ficenec (2014) and Pinnington (2014) occupy observed that the sales of the clothing division of M&S has been declining in recent years while that of the food department has increased for instance, Ahmed (2014) at the BBC fix that clothing has g iodine down by 1.5 percent in 2014, while a like-for-like sale of food has g wiz up by 1.7 percent in this time. Ficenec in addition added that the decreasing sales in the clothing department has been going on for up to three years. As of late 2013, the sale of food computeed for much than in the total sales of clothes, with 55 percent against 45 percent on an individual basis (Ruddick, 2013). For the clothing department, this event could be classified as relative product failure (Dibb et al., 2006).Though one may argue that the drop in sales might be an industry trend for that year, Primark was found to receive a 5 percent like-for-like increase in sales during this time (Ruddick, 2013). Therefore, marketing problems in M&Ss clothing department invite emerged as an interesting inquiry topic. This report will discuss several marketing factors that could account for the unsubtlening sales gap between Mark and Spencers food and clothing divisions, focusing primarily on the UK. The study is divided into two discussions of the factors affecting the sales slump in clothing and will di scuss the factors affecting the rapid growth in sales for the food department. Elements analysed in this paper imply marketing variables, such as target markets and customer profiles, price, quality and product office. Fin onlyy, a conclusion on the relevance of the examined factors towards the sales diversion will be made.2. Literature reviewMarketing strategy can be define as an organisations strategy that combines all of its marketing goals into one spaciotemporal plan. A good marketing strategy should be drawn from market investigate and focus on the right product mix in come in to achieve the maximum profit potential and sustain the business. According to the job Dictionary (2014), the marketing strategy is the foundation of a marketing plan.Marks & Spencer is one of the oldest supermarkets in the UK. Established in 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in Leeds, the company became the graduation British retailer to make a pre-tax profit of all over ?1 billion. It h as delivered to more than 30 countries from its UK site and has 8 International websites and 644 UK stores (www.marksandspencer.com, 2014). different sources, including Ahmed (2014), Ficenec (2014) and Pinnington (2014) restrain observed that Marks & Spencer as a company has been expanding and diversifying its products so that it includes foodstuffs as well as clothing and plastic materials.3. MethodologyThis study took vex in Middlesex University on the pre-sessional programme in August 2014. It was completed by a group consisting of three people from the pre-sessional course, these were Mohammed, Maram and Buk. We chose Marks and Spencer Company from FTSE 100 because M&S is one of the most popular and oldest companies in the UK. It likewise offers a wide range of products such as food or clothes. Once we had selected this company, we performed query in the library to find out the factors that made sales grow for Marks and Spencer, and why this was greater for food than clot hes. After that, the researchers interviewed otherwise(a)s at Middlesex University. We performed secondary research by using websites and search engines, like Google scholar. We also looked at a database of Middlesex University as well as library catalogue to find sources that were related to our research and supported our ideas towards answering this question. We found many credible sources such as journals articles, books, newsprint and website. ?4. FindingsThe researcher explored for sources that would be useful for this report. Three articles were found that are employ in this report and were widely useful because they provided updated information. Further information was extracted from the company website, which was cited as particularly useful for historical information about the company and its origins, and also its subsidiaries. Moreover, it was found that book were used to provide general information and the views of academic sources. From these sources, it was identi fy that there is clear disparity between the sale of food and sale of clothing in Marks and Spencer Company. This was observed from various sources, including Ahmed (2014) who notes that while food sales were on the rise, clothing sales were falling. Ahmed from the BBC found clothing sales have dropped by 1.5 percent in 2014, while like-for-like sales of food rose 1.7 percent. However, there are several reasons for this disparity which will be explored in the pastime section.5. Discussion and AnalysisThere is a clear disparity between the sale of food and clothing in Marks and Spencer Company. Various sources such as Ahmed (2014) from the BBC saw that while food sales were on the rise in M&S, clothing sales were falling. Ahmedfound that the sale of clothing dropped by 1.5 percent in 2014, while like-for-like sales of food rose 1.7 percent. However, there are several reasons for this disparity. The first factor, or the reason for the success of the food sales in M&S, is the divers ity of items in the food range and also the quality of the food. These were identified as the most important reasons that helped promote the sale of food products at M&S. The companys success in the sale of food can also be attributed to the popularity of microwavable foods, which have provide to be the most popular product in the food sales (Tresidder, 2010).A further reason that can be attributed to the success of the food sales in M&S is delinquent to the marketing campaignings surrounding them. The ad for the food can be seen as one of the primary reasons for the success of the food sales in M&S. The adverts wait on websites, television and marketing texts and all have an effect on promoting the M&S food products to consumers. As a result, the company actually relies on the M&S logo to tie consumers along with the company slogan this is not just food. Kress (1996) and Van Leeuwen (2001) describe how this could be a good elbow room to market the product and is a modern way to attract consumers. Furthermore, this marketing campaign can contribute to create effective promotional im festers on the TV which will lead on to higher sales of M&S food. Among the factors that have helped the growth of sales of food products is the location and quality of the product.These are all factors that have been cited as attributing to the increase in sales of food products however, the decline of the sale of clothing products is not entirely associated with the success of the food products but, more so, worthless handling of the clothing line. For example, it has been argued that M&S clothing range has been guilty of lamentable product positioning, both in stores, shop windows and in marketing texts (Tresidder, 2010). Furthermore, the clothing department website has been criticised for being overly complicated and difficult to navigate (Ahmed, 2014). Therefore it could be suggested that the M&S clothing department learn the lessons of effective pricing, advertising and use of branding tools, such as slogans, used by the food department, to enlistment this decline and reverse the movement of their sales growth.6. ConclusionIn conclusion, M&S has faced several issues in the Department of clothing, as sales push down dramatically yet the sale of food products continue to rise. Several change factors to this pattern have been discussed, including effective branding, marketing for the food products, and poor product positioning of the clothing items. However,7. BibliographyAhmed, K. (2014) M&S chief Bolland says results not good seemly, BBC News Business, 8 July 2014. Accessed online at http//www.bbc.com/news/28205935 accessed 03/08/2014.Dibb, S. (2006) Marketing Concepts and Strategies, Houghton Mifflin Company ISBN.Ficenec, J. (2014) Question consider tip Hold Marks & Spencer on strong food sales, in The Telegraph, 9 July 2014. Accessed online at http//www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/10955632/Questor-share-tip-Hold-Marks-and-Spencer-on-strong-fo od-sales.html accessed 03/08/2014.Marks and Spencer, Official Website. Accessed online at http//corporate.marksandspencer.com/?intid=gft_company accessed 18/08/2014.Marks and SpencerAbstractCurrently, the retailer Marks and Spencer (M&S) is not only well-recognized among the UK citizens, although its branches are well established across the globe with many product categories available. During recent years, it has been found that the sales growth of Marks and Spencers merchandising, which has been its oldest and most important sector, has been in decline while the growth of M&Ss food sector has increased at an impressive pace. This study will attempt to find the factors responsible for the declining sales in clothing and the rising growth in food of Marks and Spencer, and hope to shed some lights on which areas the company should focus on to fix this decline in sales. The method will rely on the literature reviews of article from credible sources as well as published books. The pape r will be analysed in two sections factors affecting a sales slump in clothing, and factors affecting the rapid sales growth in the food department.1. IntroductionEstablished in 1884, Marks and Spencer has grown from a single-market company to a multinational corporation that has many branches around the world, including in England, the United States, and Thailand (www.marksandspencer.com, 2014). Not only has the 130-year-old corporation expanded across the globe, but it has also increased its product diversity as well. Although it began as a merchandising business, M&S currently sells a range of products, including womens lingerie, sportswear, cosmetics and food. However recent sources, including Ahmed (2014), Ficenec (2014) and Pinnington (2014) have observed that the sales of the clothing division of M&S has been declining in recent years while that of the food department has increased for instance, Ahmed (2014) at the BBC found that clothing has gone down by 1.5 percent in 2014, while a like-for-like sale of food has gone up by 1.7 percent in this time. Ficenec also added that the decreasing sales in the clothing department has been going on for up to three years. As of late 2013, the sale of food accounted for more in the total sales of clothes, with 55 percent against 45 percent respectively (Ruddick, 2013). For the clothing department, this event could be classified as relative product failure (Dibb et al., 2006).Though one may argue that the drop in sales might be an industry trend for that year, Primark was found to receive a 5 percent like-for-like increase in sales during this time (Ruddick, 2013). Therefore, marketing problems in M&Ss clothing department have emerged as an interesting research topic. This report will discuss several marketing factors that could account for the widening sales gap between Mark and Spencers food and clothing divisions, focusing primarily on the UK. The study is divided into two discussions of the factors affecting the sales slump in clothing and will discuss the factors affecting the rapid growth in sales for the food department. Elements analysed in this paper include marketing variables, such as target markets and customer profiles, price, quality and product positioning. Finally, a conclusion on the relevance of the examined factors towards the sales diversion will be made.2. Literature reviewMarketing strategy can be defined as an organisations strategy that combines all of its marketing goals into one comprehensive plan. A good marketing strategy should be drawn from market research and focus on the right product mix in order to achieve the maximum profit potential and sustain the business. According to the Business Dictionary (2014), the marketing strategy is the foundation of a marketing plan.Marks & Spencer is one of the oldest supermarkets in the UK. Established in 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in Leeds, the company became the first British retailer to make a pre-tax profit o f over ?1 billion. It has delivered to more than 30 countries from its UK site and has 8 International websites and 644 UK stores (www.marksandspencer.com, 2014). Various sources, including Ahmed (2014), Ficenec (2014) and Pinnington (2014) have observed that Marks & Spencer as a company has been expanding and diversifying its products so that it includes foodstuffs as well as clothing and plastic materials.3. MethodologyThis study took place in Middlesex University on the pre-sessional programme in August 2014. It was completed by a group consisting of three people from the pre-sessional course, these were Mohammed, Maram and Buk. We chose Marks and Spencer Company from FTSE 100 because M&S is one of the most popular and oldest companies in the UK. It also offers a wide range of products such as food or clothes. Once we had selected this company, we performed research in the library to find out the factors that made sales grow for Marks and Spencer, and why this was greater for fo od than clothes. After that, the researchers interviewed others at Middlesex University. We performed secondary research by using websites and search engines, like Google scholar. We also looked at a database of Middlesex University as well as library catalogue to find sources that were related to our research and supported our ideas towards answering this question. We found many credible sources such as journals articles, books, newspaper and website. ?4. FindingsThe researcher explored for sources that would be useful for this report. Three articles were found that are used in this report and were widely useful because they provided updated information. Further information was extracted from the company website, which was cited as particularly useful for historical information about the company and its origins, and also its subsidiaries. Moreover, it was found that book were used to provide general information and the views of academic sources. From these sources, it was identif ied that there is clear disparity between the sale of food and sale of clothing in Marks and Spencer Company. This was observed from various sources, including Ahmed (2014) who notes that while food sales were on the rise, clothing sales were falling. Ahmed from the BBC found clothing sales have dropped by 1.5 percent in 2014, while like-for-like sales of food rose 1.7 percent. However, there are several reasons for this disparity which will be explored in the following section.5. Discussion and AnalysisThere is a clear disparity between the sale of food and clothing in Marks and Spencer Company. Various sources such as Ahmed (2014) from the BBC saw that while food sales were on the rise in M&S, clothing sales were falling. Ahmedfound that the sale of clothing dropped by 1.5 percent in 2014, while like-for-like sales of food rose 1.7 percent. However, there are several reasons for this disparity. The first factor, or the reason for the success of the food sales in M&S, is the diver sity of items in the food range and also the quality of the food. These were identified as the most important reasons that helped promote the sale of food products at M&S. The companys success in the sale of food can also be attributed to the popularity of microwavable foods, which have provide to be the most popular product in the food sales (Tresidder, 2010).A further reason that can be attributed to the success of the food sales in M&S is due to the marketing campaigns surrounding them. The advertising for the food can be seen as one of the primary reasons for the success of the food sales in M&S. The adverts appear on websites, television and marketing texts and all have an effect on promoting the M&S food products to consumers. As a result, the company actually relies on the M&S logo to attract consumers along with the company slogan this is not just food. Kress (1996) and Van Leeuwen (2001) describe how this could be a good way to market the product and is a modern way to att ract consumers. Furthermore, this marketing campaign can contribute to create effective promotional images on the TV which will lead on to higher sales of M&S food. Among the factors that have helped the growth of sales of food products is the location and quality of the product.These are all factors that have been cited as attributing to the increase in sales of food products however, the decline of the sale of clothing products is not entirely associated with the success of the food products but, more so, poor handling of the clothing line. For example, it has been argued that M&S clothing range has been guilty of poor product positioning, both in stores, shop windows and in marketing texts (Tresidder, 2010). Furthermore, the clothing department website has been criticised for being overly complicated and difficult to navigate (Ahmed, 2014). Therefore it could be suggested that the M&S clothing department learn the lessons of effective pricing, advertising and use of branding tool s, such as slogans, used by the food department, to halt this decline and reverse the movement of their sales growth.6. ConclusionIn conclusion, M&S has faced several issues in the Department of clothing, as sales fell dramatically yet the sale of food products continue to rise. Several contributing factors to this pattern have been discussed, including effective branding, marketing for the food products, and poor product positioning of the clothing items. However,7. BibliographyAhmed, K. (2014) M&S chief Bolland says results not good enough, BBC News Business, 8 July 2014. Accessed online at http//www.bbc.com/news/28205935 accessed 03/08/2014.Dibb, S. (2006) Marketing Concepts and Strategies, Houghton Mifflin Company ISBN.Ficenec, J. (2014) Question share tip Hold Marks & Spencer on strong food sales, in The Telegraph, 9 July 2014. Accessed online at http//www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/10955632/Questor-share-tip-Hold-Marks-and-Spencer-on-strong-food-sales.html accessed 03/08/2014.Mar ks and Spencer, Official Website. Accessed online at http//corporate.marksandspencer.com/?intid=gft_company accessed 18/08/2014.Marks and SpencerCase memorise Marks and Spencer, Ltd. (A) Marks and Spencer has a paper of greatness and quality in the U. K. Their five tenets of operating principals are the cornerstone of the companys durability in the industry. They fostered strong human relations with its customers, suppliers, and lag through go selective range of high-quality merchandise at reasonable prices, encouraging suppliers to use top-notch modern technology, growth, and cooperation to oblige the highest standard of quality.Breaking down Porters Five Forces identifies the competitive forces in Mark and Spencer 1) Suppliers M&S is not dependent on suppliers as other stores are, due to M&S producing and exchange its own branded products. Raw products are supplied, which is an advantage for its margins. They have an astounding and long (some relationships dating back to 40 years) reputation with their suppliers, which allows for discounts. 2) Buyers Buyers have a important influence by shopping around, forcing M&S to continue in supplying high quality garments and food products at reasonable prices. ) Threat of debut Even though M&S has a very loyal customer base, online shopping was just at the early stages in the early 1990s along with other super markets establishing a one-stop shop for all customers needs. 4) Substitutes Threat of substitutes is high due to buyers looking for cheaper alternatives in other competitive outlets. Also, because M&S focused on essential clothing, and less on fads or chic lines, competitors were quicker to react in offering more trendy clothing lines. ) rivalrous Rivalry M&S has fierce competition from other food, clothing, and home wares retailers such as supermarkets Tesco, Asda, and J. Sainsbury. Due to M&S commanding market strength in the U. K. , M&S expanded overseas. They had shared success in other countrie s, but also were also presented with challenges. For instance, France viewed M&S brand as old-fashioned. Looking at Exhibit 13, the market share of clothing and footwear by age group were as followed 15-24 age group (5. 9%), 25-44 age group (13. 9%), 45-64 (21. 3%), and 65+ (23. 6%).M&S focused on getting more of those jr. buyers into the stores where they see first-hand the service they provide but if M&S focused less on fad and trends (which is attractive to the junior demographic) the efforts in marketing are wasted. Out of the five locations in France, only Paris was showing promising performance. With M&S strong performance in U. K. , it cant prognosticate its brand presence in U. K. to splosh over to other countries. As noted, M&S never reached its full potential even though it acquired/purchased interests of other department stores.What if M&S invested more into marketing and perusing the public to buy instead of just relying on the products to sell itself? What if M&S inv ested more into clothing lines that follow trends and fads, to tap into the younger demographic? For instance, take chains such as H&M or Forever 21 offering affordable trendy clothing that bring home the bacon to younger buyers. M&S can still offer well-designed and quality clothing lines, but now attract the younger and older buyers that are into trendy fashions but it is very crucial they dont abandon their loyal customer base.What if M&S closed in(p) stores that had small market share and borderline profit (some territories in Austria and West Europe), and invested more into evanesceing the market share in other countries? Also, during the 90s, the world-wide web came into innovation along with online shopping, allowing M&S to extend its services and marketing (which I was surprised there was no mention of it in the case). Source Marks and Spencer, Ltd. (A) (1994). HBR 9-391-089, by Cynthia A. MontgomeryMarks and SpencerCase Study Marks and Spencer, Ltd. (A) Marks and Spence r has a reputation of greatness and quality in the U. K. Their five tenets of operating principals are the cornerstone of the companys strength in the industry. They fostered strong human relations with its customers, suppliers, and staff through offering selective range of high-quality merchandise at reasonable prices, encouraging suppliers to use top-notch modern technology, growth, and cooperation to enforce the highest standard of quality.Breaking down Porters Five Forces identifies the competitive forces in Mark and Spencer 1) Suppliers M&S is not dependent on suppliers as other stores are, due to M&S producing and selling its own branded products. Raw products are supplied, which is an advantage for its margins. They have an astounding and long (some relationships dating back to 40 years) reputation with their suppliers, which allows for discounts. 2) Buyers Buyers have a substantial influence by shopping around, forcing M&S to continue in supplying high quality garments and f ood products at reasonable prices. ) Threat of Entry Even though M&S has a very loyal customer base, online shopping was just at the early stages in the early 1990s along with other super markets establishing a one-stop shop for all customers needs. 4) Substitutes Threat of substitutes is high due to buyers looking for cheaper alternatives in other competitive outlets. Also, because M&S focused on essential clothing, and less on fads or trendy lines, competitors were quicker to react in offering more trendy clothing lines. ) Competitive Rivalry M&S has fierce competition from other food, clothing, and home wares retailers such as supermarkets Tesco, Asda, and J. Sainsbury. Due to M&S commanding market strength in the U. K. , M&S expanded overseas. They had shared success in other countries, but also were also presented with challenges. For instance, France viewed M&S brand as old-fashioned. Looking at Exhibit 13, the market share of clothing and footwear by age group were as followe d 15-24 age group (5. 9%), 25-44 age group (13. 9%), 45-64 (21. 3%), and 65+ (23. 6%).M&S focused on getting more of those younger buyers into the stores where they see first-hand the service they provide but if M&S focused less on fad and trends (which is attractive to the younger demographic) the efforts in marketing are wasted. Out of the five locations in France, only Paris was showing promising performance. With M&S strong performance in U. K. , it cant expect its brand presence in U. K. to spill over to other countries. As noted, M&S never reached its full potential even though it acquired/purchased interests of other department stores.What if M&S invested more into marketing and perusing the public to buy instead of just relying on the products to sell itself? What if M&S invested more into clothing lines that follow trends and fads, to tap into the younger demographic? For instance, take chains such as H&M or Forever 21 offering affordable trendy clothing that cater to young er buyers. M&S can still offer well-designed and quality clothing lines, but now attract the younger and older buyers that are into trendy fashions but it is very crucial they dont abandon their loyal customer base.What if M&S closed stores that had small market share and minimal profit (some territories in Austria and West Europe), and invested more into extending the market share in other countries? Also, during the 90s, the world-wide web came into existence along with online shopping, allowing M&S to extend its services and marketing (which I was surprised there was no mention of it in the case). Source Marks and Spencer, Ltd. (A) (1994). HBR 9-391-089, by Cynthia A. Montgomery

Psychological Factors: Axis of Healthcare Setting Essay

Even as the development of medical science and the technology of its instruments have taken modern wellness get by system to a state-of-the-art height, the good management of psychological factors still prove to be the axis of healthc atomic number 18, where human touch and a thorough understanding of psychological science are bare essentials to equilibrize its other part. The medical science excessively admits it and accordingly various disciplines of study have come up to understand the finer details of human psychology that are entwined with the overall healing process.Thus this essay explores the indispensability and scope of health psychology, to a fault its inherent elements that have bearings in healing process, before orbit its conclusion. What is Health Psychology? Bio-psycho- amicable factors create a lot of reach on our health and well-being. Health psychology studies those impacts with an aim to eliminate the oppose elements in bio-psycho-social factors besides incorporating the positive ones. Accordingly it encompasses areas like judge, coping strategies, perception of pain, personality determinants of health etc. besides the immune response to stress (psychoneuroimmunology).Therefore, health psychology in all covers a vast area of study and observation on human behavior, where it probes personality variables or traits and social environment before linking ones impact on the other as for example, whether stress in a person could lead to minor or major ailments, ranging from cold to drive breakcer. In all, health psychology works on the interaction between physiological and the psychological system.Accordingly, biopsychosocial paradigm of health based on a bi-directional model (Knight & Carnic, 2004), propelled by the concept that health psychology can be instru moral in detection and alleviation of disease, as there is a strong coordination between body and mind. Even the ball Health Organization (WHO) recognizes it significance an d in fact lamented that this area of health care needs more thrust, where it could forge a new alliance between mental and physical health disciplines (WHO, 1997).From this perspective, there is tremendous scope of development in the field of health psychology, as it a dynamic subject with a superfluity of variable factors, which forever and a day hint on thousand of probabilities. How It Works While all illness is bound to create an emotional impact on the patients, the caregivers too cannot escape such effects. Thus coping with illness requires mental efforts from e very(prenominal)one involved in the proceedings.A study conducted over 150 patients affected with various forms of psoriasis determine the existence of psychic stress in 69% of all cases, which, with the involvement of a Liaison psychiatrist proved to be immensely important towards their therapeutic (Simonic et al. , 2000). Besides these, there are ethical and practical consideration too command in-depth understand ing of psychological factors that stand between illness and effective care especially when the severity of illness can inject pessimism in the patients or when patients erratic behavior under circumstance can influence the caregivers behavior.Patients can emotionally be vulnerable cod to physical conditions, and that can heavily influence their personality traits in such situations, application of empathy and respect from the healthcare professionals side can help oneself to restore the situation. Therefore, appropriate knowledge on health psychology can equip the caregivers for such situations. Significance of Psychoneuroimmunology Popularly known as PNI, psychoneuroimmunology deals with the interactions among behavior, wiz and the immune system, aiming at determining its potential for mediating the effects of psychosocial factors in illness and disease.The significance of PNI can be understood from a single fact that stress alone carries the possibility of 68 diseases, most of which are deadly. This state of affairs definitely commands a thorough view of health from the biopsychosocial perspective of health to restoration stress. A brief description of stress would be pertinent here to further explain the significance of psychological factors in healthcare.Stress, the Dreaded MenaceHans Selye proposed one of the most acclaimed definitions of stress in 1926, in which he said, Stress is the non-specific response of the body to any demand placed upon it (14 Day, 1991). He observed that stress stems out from the situations where humans face external changes or demands. This definition clearly indicates that no one can escape the influence of stress, as human life constantly faces such situations. This also clears the deck that external influence on humans will stay all along and thus biopsychosocial factors are embedded with any health problem.If stress is now considered to be an excessive or inappropriate activation of the bodys fight-or-flight response (1 4 Day, 1991), then it has to be given its due importance in sphere of healthcare, where it should be armed with adequate knowledge about how stress can aggravate the health problems and how it can be diffused. That is where Psychoneuroimmunology go in, delving deep into the relationship between the immune system and mavin and observing the yields of its chemistry.Psychoneuroimmunology and HealthcareAccording to PNI, every part of our immune system is connected to the brain in some way, be it via a direct nervous tissue connection, or by the common chemical language of neuro-peptides and hormones, where it suggests that the immune system, which keeps us bountiful from external invaders besides maintaining internal homoeostasis, is sensitive to right(prenominal) influences (Kooker, 2001). This is substantiated by the fact that chemicals let go of in the brain in response to mental-emotional processing like moods and feelings.PNI was accepted as a new discipline in Yale Universi ty as early as in 1977, though then it was known as Behavioral Medicine, an outcome of the realization about its significance towards providing total therapeutic solution to patients. Boiling down to its simplest possible form, PNI collects healthy habits that can enhance the power of immunity in humans. This speaks of its broad range of activities, where it weighs the biopsychosocial factors to reach at the core of the health problem.In fact PNI provides much needed attention on the dynamics of body-mind interactions where it acknowledges the fact that our brains secrete hormones in response to our thoughts (Lorraine, 2003). Thoughts Hold the Key The discoveries through PNI have proved that it healthcare cannot afford to keep psychological factors out of consideration. It has shown that thoughts, no matter where it comes from outside or from the subconscious, can heavily influence the body condition. Alongside, interrogationes to this direction have been able to bring out the posi tive application of thought.Thus the benefits of PNI have already been established. As for example, Neuroscientist Andrew Newberg of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine has able to determine the brain regions that respond to meditation, besides identifying the stress zones under duress (Lorraine, 2003). Findings like these would surely help in both enhancing immunity and preventing stress, as new techniques in stress management have already been stemming out of these findings.Benefits of Transcendental MeditationAligned to the give of PNI as stated above, several techniques of thought regulation or control have been doing rounds. As for example, transcendental meditation has been found to produce a very beneficial state to human body, where it reduces blood pressure, respirator rate, oxygen consumption, blood flow to skeletal muscles, perspiration and muscle tension (Lorraine, 2003). This clearly shows that psychological factors are embedded with well being and in no way they can be kept outside the periphery of routine healthcare system.Physicians Viewpoint We must work as psychologists to erase the line between health and mental health in research, practice, and public policy, says Norine Gl Johnson, the former electric chair of American Psychological Association in 2001. In her presentation at prestigious Psi Chi Distinguished Lecture she clearly points out the necessity of intertwining health and psychology, where educators must be at the forefront of presenting to students and future psychologists the latest in psychology health research and health practices (Johnson, 2002).Nancys words tho corroborates the age-old vision that medical treatment cannot be provided without the help of psychology, because psychological factors are the integral part of both illness and well being. Discussion On one hand the researchers have proved the deep impact of psychological factors on both patients and caregivers, while the discoveries regarding the eff icacy of new techniques stemming out of modern research and study on biopsychosocial factors clearly show that they are no less potent tools towards managing illness as well as fostering well being.The negative impact of stress or the positive influence of transcendental meditation as cited by studies above amply proves this fact. Accordingly, these facts have already been doing rounds in social and academic circles, thereby convincing people about the impact of psychological factors on both illness and well being. This state of affairs virtually makes it impracticable for any healthcare setting to do without any provision of measuring psychological factors involved in any illness.Besides this, the healthcare professionals too would be interested to be equipped with adequate knowledge and application techniques of psychotherapies, which would, in a way, work as their own shields against job stress associated with care giving. terminal Evidences show that psychological factors have great bearing on illness and its healing, thereby automatically qualifying them to occupy an important part in the healthcare setting.Going by the experts opinion, it can be said that recognition of psychological factors in healthcare setting would not be an encroachment in the subject area of conventional healthcare, but would be the advent of a new horizon in its sphere, where it would add tremendous value to the healthcare processes. Therefore, psychological factors form the axis of healthcare in modern day setting, in spite of the presence of state-of-the-art gadgets and availability of effective medicines.

A Memorable Journey

This creates a picture of twin dragons playing with pearls. This 468 meters (1 ,536 feet) high tower Is the cosmeas sixth and Chinas trice tallest TV and radio receiver tower. It was a Sunday morning when we left home. We spent 2 arcminutes on the way to Oriental Pearl TV Tower. It was the first time to hold globewide animation fair. The fair attracts thousands of visitors. The display was held in cartoon drawings. Coplay contest, and other activities. At the fair were an exhibition area, costly performance area, e-sports experience z ane, Japan, Europe, and the cartoon image was all(prenominal)where.My preferent activity was protagonists Coplay. Coplay,short for costume play, is a performance art in which participant wear costumes to represent a specific character. Coplay is known to show notional behavior, you can see these cartoon fans heart dress. There are usually some identified Coplay celebrities that effectively represent your favorite character. You can purchase one you love to be your idol. Today, people all around the world are involved in splays fantasy fun. In the noon, we went to the revolving restaurant, where we ate sea sustenance and drank juice.We were enjoying the beautiful mentation age the seats revolved. The restaurant was a great place that let people repose. I was able to fully relax myself there. It was proudly at the top of the Shanghai. The view was amazing. Finally, we went to the Observation Deck. The whole passage was made up of steel structure and glass. You can see the ground while standing on the glass floor. We were 863 feet take out the ground. From Oriental Pearl TV Tower, we can have a birds eye view of the city. In the Observation Deck where I snapped photos of the view. There were a diffuse of tourists.From a viewpoint overlooking Shanghai City you can see numerous high alluding, congested traffic, and dense population. Life Is like a jaunt, you neer know when something will come up. All Journeys are opportun ities for discovery. Some Journeys are opportunities to discover the Inner self. I can never forget this unforgettable Journey. Reminiscences of this Journey often flicker In my mind every now and then. Because It was my Jovial Journey with my family. There was no nuisance surrounded us, only Jaunty moments. after that vacation, I had many more vacations. But that first vacation had some special magic In It.It Is Just an unforgettable experience. By pinpricks My most memorable childhood Journey to date is visiting Shanghai with my family. It is the year 2002 and I can remember the details of each place. I can remember the food I and my family ate. Its all still so fresh in my mind. There were many famous Tower. Oriental Pearl TV Tower is located in Pudding Park in Lazuli, Shanghai. The Tower, surrounded by the Yang Bridge in the northeast and the Nap Bridge in meters (1 ,536 feet) high tower is the worlds sixth and Chinas second tallest TV and It was a Sunday morning when we left ho me. We spent 2 hours onThe fair attracts thousands of visitors. The display was held in cartoon drawings, your idol. Today, people all around the world are involved in Copleys fantasy fun. Observation Deck. The whole passage was made up of steel structure and glass. You Life is like a Journey, you never Some Journeys are opportunities to discover the inner self. I can never forget this unforgettable Journey. Reminiscences of this Journey often flicker in my mind every now and then. Because it was my Jovial Journey with my family. There was no vacations. But that first vacation had some special magic in it. It is Just anA memorable JourneyMy first day of the trip contained making sure we had the everything we needed packed in our bags. We wrap uped at the International Airport at ten-thirty, about an hour previous to our plane taking off. When we did finally depart from GSP airport we took a two hour ride to London, from there we got on another plane. Finally, then we reach at Dubai . The currency in Dubai was different from Pakistan one rupee is equal to 0. 03449AED or dirhams in Dubai money. When we reached in Dubai we took a taxi to pick up our term of a contract car.We had reserved a land cruiser because it was the most inexpensive choice for our trip. We heard from there to the hotel the sentience Metro Deira Hotel arriving at nearby quintuplet-thirty. We went up to or room unpacked and got settled in for about two hours before leaving for our first event of the day, Aqua venture Water ParkWe stayed there for about five or so hours before returning to the hotel. With the height of about 829 meters one cannot miss the worlds tallest construction while having a trip to Dubai.The Star Metro Deira Hotel is an wonderful art of engineering. It covers and one 134 levels and the view from the top is fabulous and beautiful. The sound and light show, which is in front of the Star Metro Deira Hotel is a polished and colorful experience. On day two of our trip we h ave also saves some time to visit The Palm Jumeirah. This huge man-made island is a world wonder. The island is formed like a Palm and hence is called as The Palm Jumeirah. One of the best parts of this island is Atlantis.This is a exciting complete resort with a lot of activities and adventure sports. From swimming to the exciting water slides, every single activity was outstanding. On day three we woke up and went to the dessert safari was an rattling(a) experience. We started with the bumpy car ride through the dry and hot dessert. After which, we annoyed the ship of the desert, Camels, Our journey ended with an captivating belly dance and an libertine spread of delicious Arabian food. We enjoy too much at this trip. I wish we will go again for this trip soon.