Analyse a word - 1347 Words

Mengdie Luo mandyluo@umich.edu English 125.043 Scott Beal Jan.23, 2013 Assignment #1 More than frenemy Being a single child, as I can tell you, is a difficult thing. Aside from the sometimes-unresolvable loneliness and almost always-glued attention, the constant comparison with the ‘kids next door’ can be supremely annoying. The phrase stands for those children of several close friends of your mom or literally just the kids who live next door. For me, there’s always been a girl like that since I was five and things can be a little overwhelming when she is also a competitive Leo (star sign). In middle school, the girl would ask me to watch TV and ditch homework with her, while in fact she had secretly done the work beforehand.†¦show more content†¦If we are making a comparison, women obviously have a better ‘appreciation’ for the word frenemy, judging from the frequency they use it. After all, envy is what determines the essence of frenemy, and is mainly the reason that drives people apart. Evolutionary psychology suggests that women are harder to be associative thinker while man thinks more hierarchically. This makes women better at raising children, but also makes them more easily jealous, intimated and insecure. The characterization of frenemy in a way gave women a relatively healthy outlet by accepting the person as is and avoiding more catfights. Aside from the common connotation, frenemy has much more positive interpretation: ‘If they weren’t enemy, they would have been friend.’ This marks respect for your competitor as one who also has great talents and capability. It is the courage and honesty to admit that because of him you have more incentives to improve. Media and celebrity, Richard Parker and Pi, Harry and Draco: they would have never developed so well and lost many dynamics if independent. Samsung is still the most reliable contractor for Apple, though it lost the lawsuit and has to give Apple 10.5 billion for stealing the creative ideas. Samsung fought back using the other way around by merging the other digital screen provider for Apple and nearlyShow MoreRelatedSummary Analyse and Response from Fighting Words756 Words   |  4 PagesAsobo Instructor Budd Eng. 111 24 -08-2013 From Fighting Words In his essay â€Å"from Fighting Words† Richard Wright wrote about words used specifically to incite violence. Wright was interesting to discover what was hiding in this written indictment from H.L Mencken that lot readers in that moment disagree. In relation to Wright words can be used as a powerfully weapon. Wright demonstrated that courage is the main factor for using fighting words. The first suggestion Wright presented was in the bankRead MoreA 3000 Word Essay Identifying Two Public Health Issues Pertinent to Clinical Placement Area; Analyse These with Reference to Appropriate Literature and Research and Discuss the Public Health Role of the Midwife.4091 Words   |  17 PagesModule Code – MID 314 Assignment - A 3000 word essay identifying two public health issues pertinent to clinical placement area; analyse these with reference to appropriate literature and research and discuss the public health role of the midwife. Word Count = 3210 Health is a broad concept, which can embody a huge range of meanings, from the narrowly technical to the all-embracing moral or philosophical. A definition of health is a state of well-being, interpreted by the World Health OrganisationRead MoreCarefully Read the Poem Simon Lee by William Wordsworth (Romantic Writings: an Anthology Pp.60-63). Write an Essay of Not More Than 1,500 Words in Which You Analyse the Poem and Comment on the Poetic Form and Language1536 Words   |  7 Pagestherefore, in this essay we will attempt a ‘social’ or ‘historical’ kind of approach. We shall try to ‘read’ the idealistic language found in the poem as social or historical discourse through the poetic techniques employed by the writer. In other words, we will analyse the way various elements of poetic form and language combine to create meaning and effects. Simon Lee is about an old huntsman who, while was once strong and active, now strives to fight his declined health and strength. The poem recountsRead MoreMr Mitchel Lowe1052 Words   |  5 Pages Abstract; This report will discuss the PLC Domino’s Pizza and analyse the businesses operations and how they have changed over time with some brief description of the company’s history in order to establish the culture and recognise the growth of the company. When analysing the organisation of Domino’s Pizza this report will analyse the LoNGSTEEPLE of the business in order to analyses the environment in which the business operates within. SWOT analysis will also be presentRead MoreTesco Boston Matrix and Ansoff Matrix1156 Words   |  5 PagesLearner can: 1.1 Analyses the difference between micro and macro environmental factors 1.2 Compare and contrast a minimum of two tools such as SWOT and POWER SWOT and apply to business solutions 1.3 Critically contrast Primary and Secondary research methods 2.1 Evaluate the use of tools such as Boston and Ansoff Matrix to business situations 2.2 Analyse the effectiveness of models such as Porter’s Generic Strategies 3.1 Evalua te consumer buying behaviour and the adoption process 3.2 Analyse the role ofRead MoreManagement of Financial Resources and Performance Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment: Management of Financial Resources and Performance Introduction This assessment accounts for 100% of your overall module grade. It is an individually written assignment of about 3000-3500 words (10% -/+) excluding appendices, to be submitted to LSS Business School on the deadline shown in the student portal with the appropriate cover note according to the guidelines given in the student handbook. Your work is expected to be analytical and evaluative, consolidate on relevant theoryRead MoreBusiness Management1309 Words   |  6 Pagesa destination which is familiar to you and analyse the level of tourism development. Your report should include latest available statistics regarding the number of tourists and main tourism markets and how tourism affects local economy, social life and environment. You can use statistical information from government pages, newspapers and journals. Present your project with a written report (approximately 1,000 words). Address 1.1 and 1.2. P1.1 Analyse issues currently driving change in the travelRead MoreBlog Essay1037 Words   |  5 Pagesinteractive tool for analyzing keyword position. Unlike the traditional web apps. This keyword tool provide you with the worth of using a particular keyword. It also display related keywords along with the ultimate search. Working Say, you like to analyse a keyword eminem discography. KWfinder suggest the difficulty of keyword rank. If it indicates too hard which means this keyword is hard to use to gain organic visitor. If it suggest easy, then, go with it! In short, KWfinder makes result tooRead MoreNike Markeing1333 Words   |  6 Pagespositioning LO3: Identify and analyse the individual elements of the extended marketing mix LO4: Apply the extended marketing mix to different marketing segments and contexts Context The purpose of this report is to apply your knowledge of marketing to Nike (a well known sports retailer). Your report should explain the concepts of marketing and illustrate segmentation, targeting and positioning using one of their products. Finally, you will analyse their marketing and devise a marketingRead MoreManaging Quality in Partnership Working with Service Users Essay1205 Words   |  5 Pagesedu/Marketing/FacultyStaff/zeithaml/Selected%20Publications/SERVQUAL-%20A%20Multiple-Item%20Scale%20for%20Measuring%20Consumer%20Perceptions%20of%20Service%20Quality.pdf The learner can: 1.1 Discuss the philosophy of working in partnership in health and social care 1.2 Analyse the role of external agencies in setting standards and the impact this has on service quality The learner will: 2 Understand how to promote partnership philosophies and relationships in health and social care services Partnership working:

The Lottery Short Story Analysis - 962 Words

Destructive Traditions Within The Lottery Shirley Jacksons The Lottery, raises many questions in the back of a readers mind towards the destructive yet blind rituals of mankind. The Lottery clearly expresses Jacksons feelings concerning mankinds evil nature hiding behind traditions and rituals. As her theme, she shows how coldness and lack of compassion in people can exhibit in situations regarding tradition and values. Jackson presents the theme of the short story with the use of symbols and setting. The setting of The Lottery supports the theme. Settings are constructed to help build the mood and foreshadow things to come. In the lottery, however, the setting ironically foreshadows exactly the opposite of what is to†¦show more content†¦The introduction of the black box into the story changes the mood and atmosphere of the crowd of people. The reason being is the box is what holds the key between life and death for each and every one of them. The black box embodies all the evil acts executed in the past and the ones to come. Even the color of the box is a symbol for evil. The box is painted in black, which has always been a universal symbol for evil and death. Besides color, materials used to make the box reveal how long the tradition has been kept, with some pieces of the box that had preceded it, the one that had been constructed when the first people settled down to make a village here (79). The villagers refused Mr. Summers request of making a new box but they were so stuck in the tradition that they did not want anything to upset it. Jackson shows in depth how callousness and cruelty can especially be revealed within old traditions. She explains through story how traditions arent always a noble event. At the time the story was placed, Im sure murder was a pretty big deal, and punishable by law. Of course, this is taking the moral of the story, and exploding it into the worse case scenario, losing a life. However, this theme shows true in many of the traditions we may partake in with our families. I have heard of some very weird traditions, such as drinking a cup of blood from the first deer aShow MoreRelatedThe Lottery Short Story Analysis1122 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Lottery†, a short story by Shirley Jackson reflects humans deepest nature on tradition. Jackson uses routines as a way of illustrating the festival like qualities of the annual lottery. The setting of vibrant colors in the short story conveys a peaceful tone.The characters are portrayed as loving and caring. The ideas of a festival lik e a lottery, a homey setting and, the peoples actions all help develop the bigger idea. The people and tradition Shirley Jackson in her short story the â€Å"TheRead MoreThe Lottery Short Story Analysis1214 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story â€Å"The Lottery† written by Shirley Jackson begins with villagers gathering in the square, between the post office and the bank, to participate in the lottery which is not what it seems like because the story’s surprising ending reveals that Tessie Hutchinson, who draws the slip of paper with the black spot on it is stoned to death when the lottery ends. Shirley Jackson reveals through the use of irony, foreshadow, and symbolism in the story how much people can get caught up in maintainingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Unknown Citizen And The Short Story The Lottery 1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe Unexpected Truth The Poem Unknown Citizen and the short story The Lottery give examples how people can rebel and conform in different ways. The way these stories were written evokes a lot of emotions, from anger to confusion. In life there are two people in the world, ones who conform to every whim and those who will rebel to create a difference in their society or others. The Unknown Citizen, by W. H. Auden, is about a man who obeys the law and does what needs to done by a normal citizen.Read MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson974 Words   |  4 Pagesnature. b. Background In the short story â€Å"The Lottery,† the inhabitants of a village participate in a lottery, which is essentially a tradition for them. However, the villagers are oblivious to the true consequences and destructiveness of their death ritual. One June day each year, the lottery is conducted and the â€Å"winner† is violently stoned to death. The very same day, the villagers return home and carry on with their normal day-to-day functions. c. Thesis In â€Å"The Lottery,† Shirley Jackson manipulatesRead More Shirley Jacksons The Lottery 946 Words   |  4 PagesJackson wrote many short stories and even some books. They are more on the dark, witchlike side, however. Kelleher explains that Jackson stated in some interviews that she practiced magic. No one really knows if she was serious while practicing witchcraft or not, but it ended up helping her write her stories http://www.literarytraveler.com/literary_articles/shirley_jackson_bennington.aspx). A major story that throws people for a loop is â€Å"The Lottery†. This was Jackson’s first short story and many peopleRead MoreUse of Symbols in The Lottery by Shirley Jackson981 Words   |  4 PagesMany great authors use symbolism numerous of time in their stories. A symbol is a noun or word that represents a different idea. An author displays the symbols as a hit rather than blurting it out. Symbols are not only used in novels or poems, they are als o used in everyday use. For an example, the American flag has fifty stars on it which each star represents a state. On the other hand, the thirteen stripes plays the part of our thirteen colonies; the beginning of our country. Even with our highRead MoreThe Lottery, By Shirley Jackson And A Rose For Emily By William Faulkner960 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner The use of symbolism is used in literature to enhance writing and add meaning to a story, this is evident in the two short stories â€Å"The Lottery† written by Shirley Jackson and â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner. With the authors use of symbolism Jackson and Faulkner are able to add depth to their writing in a way that connects with the readers. By adding symbolism to the short stories the authors manageRead MoreThe Unexpected Surprise of Violence1009 Words   |  5 Pagesin her short story â€Å"The Lottery† through the use of irony, symbolism, and denouement. On a summer day in a small town in the short story, â€Å"The Lottery†, Jackson takes advantage of the peaceful environment and adds a convoluted twist through a misleading title and Old Man Warner and his traditions. The title, â€Å"The Lottery†, is viewed as a fortunate phenomenon at first, but once the reader apprehends the story line their viewpoint will never be the same. In the sentence of the short story, TessieRead MoreSymbolism in The Lottery, by Shirley Jackson Essay example1173 Words   |  5 PagesWhen most people play the lottery today, they think about having wealth. Generally, people who win are happy about it whether they win one dollar or a million. The lottery in our society has grown to support education and it is often worth several million dollars. Usually, the winner of the lottery gains a lot of recognition for the money they win. But what would happen if there was a small town where people held a yearly lottery in which the â€Å"winnerâ₠¬  was the member of the town who was not sacrificedRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Lottery By Shirley Jackson910 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Analysis of the Short Story â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson Shirley Jackson explores the subject of tradition in her short story â€Å"The Lottery†. A short story is normally evaluated based on its ability to provide a satisfying and complete presentation of its characters and themes. Shirley describes a small village that engages in an annual tradition known as â€Å"the lottery†. Narrating the story from a third person point of view, Shirley uses symbolism, foreshadowing and suspense to illustrate

Reflective Analysis Disruption and Public Policy

Question: Discuss about the Reflective Analysis for Disruption and Public Policy. Answer: Introduction: Production refers to the transformation of an input into a desirable service or product (output), through the addition of economic value. It can take three major forms, depending on technique (Kalirajan Obwona, 2014). The first type is through separation, which takes the raw materials and extracts or separates them to get the desired output. A prime example is the extraction or separation of crude oil into different petroleum products. The second type is production by improvement and modification. Here, the mechanical and chemical parameters of raw materials are changed, without altering the physical attributes of the material. An excellent is the annealing process, which heats the raw material at high temperature, before cooling it. The final type of production is of assembly, where the raw materials are brought together and assembled as in the case of car manufacturing. There are three measures of production. Total productor total output is the overall output produced. To get it, we divide the total cost (TC) by the number of products the firm produces (Q) or the Average Total Cost (ATC) with per unit cost of output. Average product, on the other hand, measures the output per work head, or output per unit of capital employed. Finally, the marginal product measures the change in production by increasing labor by one unit or capital by a single unit (Meng, 2013). We can also have constant returns to scale, increasing returns to scale and decreasing returns to scale. The cost function of a firm specifies the cost to produce given units of outputs. Total cost refers to the full cost of producing a given level of production. It is divided into Total Fixed Cost (TFC); the part of the total cost that doesnt vary with the number of outputs, and Total Variable Cost (TVF); the part of the total cost that varies with the level of production. If w is the cost per unit of labor and r the cost per unit of capital, with the input Capital (K), and Labor (L) the production cost will be w L + r K. A cost function C (q) is a function of q, which tells us the minimum price is for the production of q units of output. Total cost can also be split into variable cost and fixed cost as follows: C (q) = FC + V C (q). Fixed cost is not a function of the quantity, while variable cost is dependent on quantity. In the short-run, production entities cannot adjust to capital, simply stated, K x r is a constant. In the long-run, however, both L and K are variable. Forms of Market Structure and Pricing Strategies Market structure refers to particular organization existing between buyers and sellers of goods or a service in a given market. Understanding the various types of market structure is critical in understanding the strategies that the firm(s) will employ. The number of firms in the market will determine a given firms pricing and output decision. When there are a large number of firms in the market, a single firm will have minimal impact on the price of the product. Similar products, with an at least large number of firms, make the firm be a price taker. Any attempt to increase the price results in a dramatic decline in sales. The more the products are differentiated, the more the price power. The cost of information plays a significant role in determining when a competition or a collision will occur. There will be fewer opportunities for having price and quality distinctions when the cost of information is less. Barriers to entry will determine whether economic profits will exist in the long run or not. With low barriers to entry, we anticipate the entry of sellers, a rise in supply and a consequent reduction in price until a point where all firms in the market are earning zero economic profit (normal profit). Based on above characteristics, we have four main types of market structure: perfectly competitive market structures, monopolies, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. A perfectly competitive structure is where there are many sellers, no exit or entry barriers, homogenous goods, among other characteristics. With many vendors, no costs of information, and identical products, each seller will have to charge the same price (Heidhues Riedel, 2013). Market power is negligible in the absence of a collision, and firms will be price takers. They will take prices as given and fix the level of their production to profit maximizing situation. Monopoly, unlike perfectly competitive markets, has a single firm setting its price, no competition, unique product/ no close substitutes, and barriers to entry in the form of technological, cost, managerial, government, and natural barriers (Malina, 2013). The profit maximizing output for a monopoly occurs where marginal revenues equal marginal costs. Since a monopolist is a price setter, he should operate at a place where price is greater than marginal costs, implying that he is earning an economic profit. Monopolistic competition is an intermediary between perfectly competitive market structure and monopoly ("Monopolistic Competition: Beyond the Constant Elasticity of Substitution", 2012). Sellers are large to create a competitive condition but though products are close to each other, are not identical. Differentiated products give firms price power, and make them price makers. The profit maximization price for the monopolistic competition is greater than the marginal costs. Firms earn an economic profit in the short run. Since price wars tend to characterize this market structure, firms should agree on the price they should be charging. The final type of market structure is an oligopoly, which is characterized by very few sellers, so few that, the action of one seller has a perceptible influence upon the rival(s). Relations among firms in an oligopoly are interdependent. The policy action of a single firm, regarding the price, advertisement, and output affects the action of the other firm(s). Oligopolists are price makers and tend to collude, and set the price and output (Hwang, 2015). A good example is OPEC in the global production of oil. A change in price in oligopoly will initiate a chain reaction, and in the absence of collusion; an oligopolist should take the prices the other firms as given and compete on non-price criteria such as warranties, gifts and certificates, and advertisement. Impacts of various forms of government intervention in the economy The primary aim of government intervention is to reduce market inefficiencies. In efficient markets, resources are perfectly allocated; those who need them have them in sufficient amounts. However, this is not the case with inefficient markets, where some individuals have too much of the resource and others have none. The government intervenes to promote greater equality, correct market failure and reduce unemployment and overcome extended periods of recession (Mahrin, 2015). Intervention can take various forms. Among them includes regulation, provision of subsidies to competitors, and taxation. The provision of subsidies to either the consumer or the producer increases the amount of a product to a level which maximizes the economic welfare. The negative impact of the subsidy is that the amount can become too large, and be captured by the producers, thereby failing to maximize economic well-being. Regulation can take various forms. It can be in the form of law, such as that which requires motorists to buy car insurance, or take the form of price ceilings and price floors (Mahrin, 2015). When there is a price floor such as in farm products, the government imposes how low the price can be charged, and this leads to the transfer of consumer surplus to producers. Price ceilings; on the other hand, refers to the governments imposition of how high the price should be charged such as control of rental prices, and this leads to the transfer of producer surplus to consumers. Deregulation refers to the act of removing laws, legislation, and barriers to competition in a particular market. As a result of deregulation, more firms can enter individual market, and this helps to remove the monopoly power of the previously state-owned markets (Lin, 2010). The positive impact of deregulation is that it results in greater economic efficiency, opens up the market to competition, and leads to lower prices for consumers. The downside is that it can be difficult to create effective competition in a market with a natural monopoly. Any attempt to deregulate may create a monopolistic private firm. Social Networks Social networks in the preindustrial era were mainly restricted to geographic regions. Without a telephone, a car or an e-mail account, relationships were majorly formed with people living in ones town or areas. As communication and transportation technology enhanced, social networks became bigger and bigger. The internet, e-mail, and instant messaging are some of the most influential technologies for establishing and maintaining larger social networks. Keeping in touch with a vast network of both robust and weak ties is now possible in this era of instant communication. The Intersection between Technology and Social Networks Social networking refers to the interconnection of organizations, individuals, other social entities and nodes through social links such as professional relationship, friendship, and family ties (Bartell Sullivan, 2011). Though social networks have existed in other spaces and times, a new paradigm provides the material basis for its vastness and spread across the entire social structure. The interconnection of communication devices, development of appropriate software, and the establishment of information technologies has led to the emergence of more social networks (Suwaidi, 2013). People with unique or shared political, cultural, religious, emotional, and financial characteristics have been brought together at astonishing speed and in an unprecedented manner. For the first time in history, two-way, many-to-many communication has become a reality. The once imaginary societies have become real, contributing to a societal shift from tribal mentality to that of social network (Suwaidi, 2013). Virtual worlds have continued to expand and instill a desire to their users to establish and reinforce their shared interests, which has played a central role in influencing public opinions and subjective attitudes around various issues in numerous fields. Technology has changed the way we relate to one another. Cross-over between personal and business is now greater than ever; there is a more blurred line between our personal selves and professional lives. The way of communicating and relating to one another has significantly changed. Some years ago, communication, on average, lasted for 2.5 minutes. Today, the average communication lasts for 15 seconds as people tend to go more direct to the point (Russell, 2012). As people speak less, they seek to derive as much information as possible. The social network has become new work. A new form of capitalism- informational capitalism- has emerged, which is associated with a new technological paradigm and characterized by information generation, processing, and transmission as a fundamental source of power and productivity (Adner, 2012). Global networks have been facilitated by the new mode of development, leading to the transformation of transnational service firms, multinational producers, and financial players, where individuals, communities, groups, and nations are incorporated or excluded from networks based on their usefulness. The Nature of Disruptive Technology Disruptive technologies are those that introduce a different package from mainstream technologies. For technologies to be disruptive they need not be radical from a technical point of view; they can be inferior to mainstream technologies along performance dimensions and other areas critical to mainstream customers (Megill, 2012). Disruption can also be said to occur at the intersection of performance demanded, and performance provided trajectories for various market segments. Three main facets describe the disruptive technology. The first aspect includes technologies that underperform mainstream technologies on the leading performance dimensions critical to mainstream customers yet displace mainstream technologies from the market (Franco Echambadi, 2013). The other facet includes consumers who shift their purchase to the invading technology-based products even though these goods have inferior performance on critical dimensions, and the third includes incumbent firms failing to react to disruptive technologies on time (Kulkarni, 2014). The issue of price does not matter at the infant of technological advancement. Performance is not adequate to fulfill customers needs. However, consumers needs are well fulfilled at later stages, and their readiness to compensate more for added performance gains diminishes. Performance gain and competitive actions lose their efficiency. Performance/price factor is important at this part of development. Technology disruptions mostly occur at a later stage, where consumers are ready to accept an inferior performance/value offer if the cost is low. The development, driven by marginal returns from performance improvements, explains the growing significance of price as technologies exceed customers needs (Adner, 2012). There are two classes of disruptive technologies in the day to day life. One class displaces the conventional technology in phase transition, where consumers accept the new technology after a period. A good example is an automobile replacing a horse. The second class creates a new capability or market where none previously existed. A prime example is a personal computer and a smartphone. Before the invention of the personal computer, computation was limited to large government organizations, institutions, and large businesses (Lu Tu, 2013). The situation has, however, changed. Most households now have computers. People have seen the need for computation beyond that of a simple calculator. Disruptive technologies can further be divided into enablers, morphers, superseders, enhancers, catalysts, and breakthroughs. Enablers are the technologies that make use (enables) one or more technology, applications, and processes. Examples of enablers include cellular technology, integrated circuit, transistors, and gene splicing. Morphers are those when enjoined with another technology, create more technologies. Examples include microprocessors and wireless technology. Superseders are the most common types of disruptive technologies. They make the current technology obsolete and create a cheaper, better, more capable and faster technology. Examples include a digital camera, LCD, jet engine, automobile, personal computer, and compact digital media. Enhancers, on the other hand, modifies (or enhances) existing technologies, and allow them to cross a critical threshold. Examples of such include; nanotechnologies, fuel cells, and stealth. As the name suggests, catalysts alter the rate of change of technical improvement or extend the applicability of one or more technologies. A good example is cloud computing and PCR techniques for DNA sequence amplification in biology. Finally, a breakthrough enables what was initially seen as impossible. Examples of such include quantum computing and fusion power. Disruption technology and traditional macroeconomic theory in practice The 21st technology is different from earlier technologies because they have impacted labor, tax revenues, and several aspects of the aggregate economy in a big way. Economists have always looked to history to find that the economy has in most cases improved due to improvements in technology (Van, 2012). If setbacks occur, the economy readjusts to put us back to the path of prosperity. However, with globalization and digital technology, this may change in future. The economy may fail to adjust for the better due to several reasons. As more and more jobs in the future become replaced by machines and computers, efficiency and production will go up, thereby increasing the national output. However, the ability to tax labor will substantially reduce in the long run, and we will likely experience social costs of lost taxes such as lost employment and reduced output. Taxes will probably be more costly, yield lower revenues, and create negative social effects to the society. As technology becomes more and more part of our lives, there will be the need to track the impact of innovation on the GDP. Today, the very essence of digital goods makes them difficult to quantify, but an appropriate metric is likely to be developed in the future (Jong, 2011). The new metrics will help governments and policy makers balance between the need to look into public welfare (as technologies shape lives), and the need to grow the economy. Disruption technology and the future work Work is, by and large, done on the industrial level. People go to work and have a job assigned by the management. The work is spread out and divided, as management coordinates the tasks to achieve organizations goals. The future will see a replacement of the inefficient, industrial model of work with collaborative, space-saving, integrated digital environment. A new work culture, built on information sharing rather than information hoarding will likely develop. Knowledge work will become paramount (Megill, 2012). The structures of organizations will be, repositioned, tested, and compressed. Outsourced networks will replace the typically integrated infrastructure, and innovations will start to commoditize the existing technologies. The level of big data will increase, and this will make the role of a middle manager will become less and less relevant. Organizational efficiencies will increase as a result of automation, and redundant employment and service will, consequently, be reduced. Increased visibility and customer reviews through social networks and rating agencies will render organizations less able to hide inferior products (Neubert, 2013). Organizations which will have superior products and those that will incorporate reputation management will be able to survive at the expense of those that will have inferior products and poor repu tation management. Increased visibility will also quicken the Organizational life cycle, and this will reduce the number of medium-sized organizations. The future workforce will be more diverse than ever, multiple cultures, ethnicities, and generations will work side by side. The workforce will be progressively more diverse regarding not only old and young, but sighted/not sighted, and individuals with disabilities (Salkowitz, 2008). Advanced robotics will make it possible the carrying out of tasks that were once thought too uneconomical or too sensitive to conduct. Policy makers will increasingly use technology in performing their duties, for example, they will use the Internet of Things to improve infrastructural management (Russell, 2013). The nature of work will require high retraining and educational programs. To address the challenges that new technologies will bring, there will be the need to use the very technologies to learn, educate, and train with mobile internet, which will help to deliver services effectively and efficiently, and blend well with diverse cultures. References Adner, R. (2012). When are technologies disruptive? A demand-based view of the emergence of competition. Strategic Management Journal, 23(8), 667-688. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/225006524?accountid=176901 Bartell, D. P., Sullivan, R. D. (2011). 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Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics, 56(1), 87-96. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1994.mp56001007.x Kulkarni, R. (2014). Disruptive technology [LabVIEW FPGA]. Computing And Control Engineering, 17(1), 32-35. https://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cce:20060106 Lin, J. (2013). Six Steps for Strategic Government Intervention. Global Policy, 1(3), 330-331. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-5899.2010.00046.x Lu, N., Tu, X. M. (2013). Social Networking : Recent Trends, Emerging Issues and Future Outlook. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Mahrin, V. (2015). Market Economy: the Need for Government Intervention. Economics, 3(5), 20-35. https://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13590 Malina, M. (2013). Some Thoughts on Monopoly, Markets, and Mergers. California Law Review, 75(3), 997. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3480664 Megill, K. A. (2012). Thinking for a Living: The Coming Age of Knowledge Work. Berlin: De Gruyter. Meng, X. (2013). 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Perhaps The World Doesnt End Here Essay Example

Perhaps The World Doesnt End Here Paper Perhaps the World Ends Here is an ode that elevates each aspect of life in which the table is involved. The kitchen table takes on a symbolic presence for everyday issues, but is the symbolism positive? Depending on observation, the poem can take on a sinister tone and rejects the everyday traditions of a patriarchal society. A traditional patriarchal society makes the father of each household the deciding factor on issues and the way that family operates. The table is a metaphor for the home or community in which you live. Much like a community, there are multiple forces at ork to keep the platform upright and secure. Without full support at all times, the entire structure will topple. The poem constantly reminds you of each individuals necessity to remain supportive. The first line starts with such an example. No matter what, we must eat to live. An individual cannot leave or else faces the risk of starvation. The next line continues with the same logic. So it has been since creation, and it will go on. The author is letting you know that this way of life is all that the people know and believe to be possible. We will write a custom essay sample on Perhaps The World Doesnt End Here specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Perhaps The World Doesnt End Here specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Perhaps The World Doesnt End Here specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The poem goes on to talk about chasing hickens and dogs away from the table. The line would be sound if not for the mention of poultry. Why chase away a commonly eaten bird when there is such a celebration of bringing food to the table? Is there a fear of an animal knocking one of the table legs loose? Chickens and dogs must be a metaphor for outsiders of the community (table) who are considered savage or animalistic in their way of operating. An instinctive fear and rejection of outside individuals allows the traditional system of operations to remain unchanged. The next sentence follows with another threat owards the table. Babies teethe at the corners. They scrape their knees. The babies chewing can be seen as a part of the natural cycle of life but it stands for something deeper. A baby contains total potential from day 1 and knows nothing at all. Being a blob of potential, the parents and society can form each baby to hold the same ideals as they do. However, a baby still has its own curiosity and can form more cognitive reasoning as time advances. By teething, a baby is slowly creating imperfections on the corners. What could corners represent? A corner is another term for a oundation, in this case the foundation of home life. If the table is the centerpiece for tradition, the youth are slowly degrading the integrity of the foundation over time. However, scraping their knees shows that the children are hurt. Perhaps the scraping of a knee is the metaphorical injury due to defying the table. It is here that children are given instructions on what it means to be human. The end of the line is the segment that stands out. Why did the author choose to use the word human? Isnt humanity a given feature upon birth? A word such as civil or well-mannered would ave fit but there is alternative meaning. By instructing human qualities, this implies that people are born as animals and must be taught properly or else face isolation. The idea works well with the previous fear of animals being near the table. Any outsider cannot be trusted; therefore, this animal is probably here to hurt the integrity of our group. Our dreams drink coffee with us as they put their arms around our children. Why is there a need to mention drinking coffee while the dreams are happening? Drinking coffee is a leisurely activity that requires a bit of pare time and quiet. Must dreams only be allowed to surtace when there are no issues, nothing to take care of? The dreams put their arms around the children. Once more, the youth are the group that innovation and new ideas turn towards. The dream leaving the parents shows that nothing was ever accomplished. If a dream happens it becomes reality, which is not the case for this group. A perpetual dream hoping for a change is passed from generation to generation without progress. They laugh with us at our poor falling-down selves and as we put ourselves back together nce again at the table. Each person eventually falls apart and the only place they know to go to is their comfort zone, the table. This table has been a house in the rain, an umbrella in the sun. A poem usually doesnt shed nature in a negative light. The rain and sun are both elements of Joy, forces of nature that benefit life in countless ways. The table has become a bubble of isolation that keeps even nature away. What was once a form of protection now harms the community. Fear has become so ingrained that beneficial elements are being cast away regardless of the evel of threat. It is a place to hide in the shadow of terror. The poet takes on an almost sarcastic tone at this point. The table takes an ironic twist because what was once was seen a place of Joy and togetherness is now glorified for the ability to run away and remain in isolation. The next sentence of the poem talks of a place to celebrate the terrible victory. Why is the word terrible included? Shouldnt a victory be a good thing? Perhaps the issue is so irrelevant that a victory accomplishes nothing at all. In a patriarchal system where the children and women have no say in ecisions, an overhaul of tradition might be what the people really desire. The table has become a happy prison which you cannot leave. A place where security and tradition are protected at all costs, but reform and innovation are left out. The word perhaps is used twice in the poem: once in the Title and once to begin the last stanza. Each event in the poem has been factual; there was no ambiguity at all with the traditions. The word perhaps really stands out here because the author decided to wait until the very end to express any uncertainty. This seed out doubt undermines every tradition observed thus far. Is the world literally ending at the end? No I dont believe so, the world referred to is the boundaries in which the speaker hits. The poem ends on a nice cyclical note where the focus is around a meal identical to the beginning. The worlds end is a metaphorical one because the author knows that there is nothing else to life than what is traditionally provided. The life being lost isnt that of the world, but of the people with no future, the people who will never adapt and evolve with time.

Lines of Longitude in Geography

Lines of Longitude in Geography Longitude is the angular distance of any point on Earth measured east or west of a point on Earths surface. Where Is Zero Degrees Longitude? Unlike latitude, there is no easy point of reference such as the equator to be designated as zero degrees in the longitude system. To avoid confusion, the worlds nations have agreed that the Prime Meridian, which passes through the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England, will serve as that reference point and be designated as zero degrees. Because of this designation, longitude is measured in degrees west or east of the Prime Meridian. For example, 30Â °E, the line passing through eastern Africa, is an angular distance of 30Â ° east of the Prime Meridian. 30Â °W, which is in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, is an angular distance of 30Â ° west of the Prime Meridian. There are 180 degrees east of the Prime Meridian and coordinates are sometimes given without the designation of E or east. When this is used, a positive value represents coordinates east of the Prime Meridian. There are also 180 degrees west of the Prime Meridian and when W or west is omitted in a coordinate a negative value such as -30Â ° represents coordinates west of the Prime Meridian. The 180Â ° line is neither east nor west and approximates the International Date Line. On a map (diagram), lines of longitude are the vertical lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole and are perpendicular to lines of latitude. Every line of longitude also crosses the equator. Because longitude lines are not parallel, they are known as meridians. Like parallels, meridians name the specific line and indicate the distance east or west of a 0Â ° line. Meridians converge at the poles and are farthest apart at the equator (about 69 miles (111 km) apart). Development and History of Longitude For centuries, mariners and explorers worked to determine their longitude in an effort to make navigation easier. Latitude was determined easily by observing the inclination of the sun or the position of known stars in the sky and calculating the angular distance from the horizon to them. Longitude could not be determined in this way because Earths rotation constantly changes the position of stars and the sun. The first person to offer a method for measuring longitude was the explorer Amerigo Vespucci. In the late 1400s, he began measuring and comparing the positions of the moon and Mars with their predicted positions over several nights at the same time (diagram). In his measurements, Vespucci calculated the angle between his location, the moon, and Mars. By doing this, Vespucci got a rough estimate of longitude. This method did not become widely used however because it relied on a specific astronomical event. Observers also needed to know the specific time and measure the moon and Mars positions on a stable viewing platform- both of which were difficult to do at sea. In the early 1600s, a new idea to measure longitude was developed when Galileo determined that it could be measured with two clocks. He said that any point on Earth took 24 hours to travel the full 360Â ° rotation of Earth. He found that if you divide 360Â ° by 24 hours, you find that a point on Earth travels 15Â ° of longitude every hour. Therefore, with an accurate clock at sea, a comparison of two clocks would determine longitude. One clock would be at the home port and the other on the ship. The clock on the ship would need to be reset to local noon each day. The time difference would then indicate the longitudinal difference traveled as one hour represented a 15Â ° change in longitude. Shortly thereafter, there were several attempts to make a clock that could accurately tell time on the unstable deck of a ship. In 1728, clockmaker John Harrison began working on the problem and in 1760, he produced the first marine chronometer called Number 4. In 1761, the chronometer was tested and determined to be accurate, officially making it possible to measure longitude on land and at sea. Measuring Longitude Today Today, longitude is more accurately measured with atomic clocks and satellites. The Earth is still divided equally into 360Â ° of longitude with 180Â ° being east of the Prime Meridian and 180Â ° west. Longitudinal coordinates are divided into degrees, minutes and seconds with 60 minutes making up a degree and 60 seconds comprising a minute. For example, Beijing, Chinas longitude is 116Â °2330E. The 116Â ° indicates that it lies near the 116th meridian while the minutes and seconds indicate just how close it is to that line. The E indicates that it is that distance east of the Prime Meridian. Although less common, longitude can also be written in decimal degrees. Beijings location in this format is 116.391Â °. In addition to the Prime Meridian, which is the 0Â ° mark in todays longitudinal system, the International Date Line is also an important marker. It is the 180Â ° meridian on the opposite side of the Earth and is where the eastern and western hemispheres meet. It also marks the place where each day officially begins. At the International Date Line, the west side of the line is always one day ahead of the east side, no matter what time of day it is when the line is crossed. This is because the Earth rotates east on its axis. Longitude and Latitude Lines of longitude or meridians are the vertical lines running from the South Pole to the North Pole. Lines of latitude or parallels are the horizontal lines running from the west to the east. The two cross each other at perpendicular angles and when combined as a set of coordinates they are extremely accurate in locating places on the globe. They are so accurate that they can locate cities and even buildings to within inches. For example, the Taj Mahal, located in Agra, India, has a coordinate set of 27Â °1029N, 78Â °232E. To view the longitude and latitude of other places, visit the collection of Locate Places Worldwide resources on this site.

MBA Essay Editing

MBA Essay Editing MBA Essay Editing MBA Essay Editing To get an MBA admission you need to stand out from the crowd as you impress the admissions committee with your wellrounded personality and ability to multi-task. But the last and most important step consists of MBA Essay Editing. While doing some MBA Essay Editing read through your essay to gauge if it exhibits some clear thinking. Clarity of thought will lead to clarity of purpose so put down: Your goals Your attributes through which you can achieve them The things that motivate you in life Once you have written your essay you still have the vital step of MBA Essay Editing to go through before your essay can reach the completed and polished stage. This is when you need to check and recheck the ideas and text for any flaws as well as mistakes. What is MBA Essay Editing? Editing consists of checking what you have written for Grammar and Spelling mistakes. You can do this by using a ruler under each line to assure accuracy. These are the things to watch out for while MBA Essay Editing: Have I spelled all the words correctly? Is my grammar flawless? Have I read and reread my essay till I am completely satisfied with the outcome? Are the subjects and verbs in agreement with each other? Does every sentence have a subject? Have I stuck in the right tense? Is there a logical flow and a proper progression of ideas? Are my ideas and thoughts clearly written and easy to follow? Do I have a strong thesis statement that is validated by the rest of the essay and re-enforced in the conclusion? Does my essay have a beginning, middle and an end: Will my essay hold the attention of my reader? MBA Essay Editing Help Proof reading and MBA Essay Editing can seem like a chore but it can make all the difference to the quality of your essay. You may have written a brilliant paper but clumsy English and faulty spellings can just about ruin it. One thing you have to keep in mind though is NOT to edit when you are fatigued. Always take a break after writing your paper and then start on the editing stage when you are refreshed. Also, remember to use spell-check as a part of your editing process-but remember not to rely on it 100% since even spell-checks can go wrong sometimes and may not show up a spelling error even when there is one. After careful planning and MBA Essay Editing you are bound to get the grades that you are looking for. Read also: Assignments Online Writing English Coursework Sociology Coursework Help Religious Coursework Religion Coursework

Media Log and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Log and Analysis - Essay Example Through an analysis of my media consumption, I managed to draw some conclusions and decipher a pattern. I will highlight the issue of sending text messages first. I realized that I am accustomed to sending more text messages during periods that I am not engaging actively in another activity. For example, I am likely to send very few texts when I am driving or playing video games. From my records, I sent a minimum of 30 messages over the 7 hours that I was busy playing video games. On the contrary, I sent 150 messages over a similar duration when I did not have much to do. This makes it clear that sending messages is a preferred preoccupation during times when I have nothing else to do. My first day of recording was a Friday and considering the fact that I sent 263 messages on Friday and 150 on Saturday, I deciphered that Saturday is a busier day translating to lesser time spent sending messages. The number of messages sent on Friday tells it all that I had little to do and I needed t o preoccupy myself through catching up with friends via messages. From this, I deciphered a negative relationship between the level of activity in the realistic world and the level of engagement in the electronic media world. Although sending text messages is fun, I realize that is should engage in real-time conversations with people. In addition, text messages often leave the recipient with a lot of room of reading in between the lines and deciphering more that a simple text intended to communicate. Moreover, I realized that it is easier for me to send a text message that starting up a conversation when I am around people (Wankel and Shaun 139). This serves to highlight the negative effects of relying on electronic media. Apparently, although I spent a lot of time sending text messages, phone calls are limited. On the first day, which was a Friday, I recorded fourteen calls. Interestingly, half of these calls were from family while the rest were from my close associates. The other two days had fewer phone calls because I was a lot busier. Sunday had only five phone calls and this implies that I spent quality time having real time conversations. Sending more text messages and having few phone calls reveals a different pattern in electronic media consumption. It shows sending messages is a preference over telephone conversations. The fact that I only engage in only fourteen phone calls while sending 263 text messages to friends only implies that I find it easier to talk to peers who are miles apart through messaging services. Moreover, I sent 126 messages on Friday from 22hrs to 4.00 am, but only had three phone calls. This implies that there is great preference to text friends during the night than during the day. However, this only happens when I am not busying myself with another form of electronic media, such as video gaming. It is evident that sending text messages has taken away the beauty of face-to-face relationships. Before this analysis, I had never r ealized that I have detached myself from the real people in my life. This has occurred in two ways. During my free time, I am busy with my phone instead of engaging actively with the people next to me (Wankel and Shaun 139). For example, it is likely for me to be sending text messages, active on the internet or checking mails instead of catching up with family over dinner. Alternatively, I would also watch a movie

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

History - Essay Example For instance, there is the ideal that our government should be in the hands of many, and not in the hands of a few. As I noted in an earlier essay, our country does not reflect this ideal right now. The government has allowed special interests and big corporations to have too much power. Why else would alternative energy be stifled, and not given enough government money to grow, and oil and gas industries continue to get subsidies? Why else would our health system be so broken? Why else can we not have any kind of meaningful gun laws? It seems that there are many inefficiencies in our country and that our country is slow to reform many industries, simply because these industries are too powerful. They scare our lawmakers, while simultaneously give them large campaign donations, so our lawmakers consciously make laws and policy that benefit the few at the expense of the many. But it doesn't have to be this way. It's not supposed to be this way. Our government is supposed to be for the many, not the few. Which means that policies and laws should be drawn up to benefit the masses, not just the big guys in society. Our lawmakers should therefore listen to the words of the founding fathers when the founding fathers said that our government is supposed to work to serve the many. They don't now, but imagine if we didn't have the Declaration of Independence for future generations to read and understand. Then there wouldn't be any impetus to change. Not that there is impetus to change, now, but there should be, and the Declaration of Independence can provide this impetus, perhaps, one day. Also, there is the quote about equal justice to all alike. Again, as noted in the prior essay, this is an ideal that is not being met. The poor do not get as much justice as the rich, simply because the poor cannot afford to hire the best legal counsel to get them out of situations, the same as the rich do. Just one example of this is the case that I read recently where a rich kid kil led three people while driving drunk. He got 10 years probation because he suffered from â€Å"affluenza,† which is basically an affliction that rich kids get because their parents never set limits for them. I could never imagine a poor kid getting the same kind of break, so this is a good example of the rich being entitled to better justice than the poor. Again, however, this is not how a just society should work. And the Declaration of Independence, with the emphasis on equal justice for all, can provide the road map that lawmakers need to make sure that justice is more equal between the rich and the poor, the black and the white, etc. This is something that simply must be done if our society is going to prosper and thrive. We cannot forget that this is one of the basic tenets of a justice society, and the Declaration of Independence is there to remind us of this fact. And the part about all men being created equal is also a very important part of the Declaration of Indepen dence. Because that is how it should be in this world. That, no matter the color of one's skin, or one's sexual orientation, there should not be any kind of prejudice or discrimination against the person. That is basic, absolutely basic, and it's something that is something that is

Historical Perspective of Management Essay Example for Free

Historical Perspective of Management Essay Max Weber was a German sociologist that pioneered the term bureaucracy. Weber founded six major principles of bureaucracy Formal hierarchical structure, Management by rules, Organization by functional specialty, An up-focused or in-focused mission, Purposely impersonal and Employment based on technical qualifications. (Busting Bureaucracy. com) A formal hierarchical structure is the management pyramid that is designed to control the level below with organized planning and decision making. For example (chain of command). Then he developed management by rules such as policies and handbooks that are used by lower levels. Next is organization by functionality specialty this means that each individual will be placed in a position according to their specialty. These three steps of bureaucracy are still used today in every business known. Max Weber designed this pyramid because in the 1930’s the industrialism of our country was expanding and it was no order of command business was ran without consistency. And a change was needed to make things run smoothly. My advice to managing people today is to organize your business according to functional specialization. Your employees and managers according to their skills and expertise so that each job will be done to the best of that person or persons knowledge and capabilities. Use clear lines of hierarchical authority in doing so you will need to put together a clear set of policy and rules that underline the chain of demand in detail. Your managers will need to be trained accordingly with consist seminars and meeting so that they can be well trained and fully informed about their duties and the duties of their staff. Decision making should be based on the rules and guidelines developed to guarantee consistent and effective reflection of organization goals.

It Has Been Two Years :: Love Letters Dating Email Relationships

Dear Matt, It has been three years since I have last held you in my arms. It is not fair how our years together feel so short lived, yet our time apart feels so long. Thank you for showing me how to number our days. The first time I ever laid my eyes on you, I was captured. It was not the way you introduced yourself or the way you shook my hand, but the look in your eyes that captured my heart. Thank you for showing me that love at first sight isn't just a fairy tale. I was convinced that you were something special. I felt it with every beat of my heart and breath that I breathed. Little did I know how right I was. As time went on we developed a friendship that I thought could only develop over years of knowing one another. Thank you for showing me that friendship cannot be measured by the amount of time spent in one and another's life. You gave me that chance where I was yours and you were mine. In that single moment all my dreams had come true. Thank you for helping me realize that dreams really do come true in real life and not just in books. We had so many wonderful times together. Some of our days were filled with adventure. In those days you brought out a side in me I never thought existed. Thank you for showing me that I too could be daring and adventurous. Then there were days filled with quiet moments. Those days are the ones I've cherished the most. Because, I would think for hours on end about happiness that I never thought that could exist between me and another person. Thank you for showing my happiness. We also had our hard days. There were fights that could have rattled the deepest depths of the ocean. We always recovered. Thank you for showing me how to forgive.

Crime Fiction Analysis Essay

Paul Darnell is a convicted sex offender who is released from prison and just three months after his release, a young girl is found raped and murdered just around the corner from the ex-con’s childhood home. As the investigators discover that his childhood victim area is in the same town as the girl who was raped and killed, they decide to arrest him for questioning and receive a warrant to search his house. They find a pile of â€Å"self help† DVD cases, which in fact hides criminal porn discs in them; as a result, Darnell is put on trial as a suspect to the case. Darnell tries to convince the jury that he has changed and his new found love, Judy, has changed him to make him into a considerate man who can control himself and his urges. Darnell wins the case and pleads not guilty for both the murder and rape of the past -victim girl. The investigators are left furious as a number of instances have seem to of proven Darnell’s guilt (such as following two girls home from school and his past offences of raping three young teenagers) and not long after Paul pleads guilty, he is found dead in Judy’s apartment, after he tried to rape her seventeen year old daughter. The daughter shot Paul in the head twice in self-defense, after his wrapped a garbage bag over her head to strike again. How does your source reveal information, ideas and an increased understanding of the issues surrounding your area of study? The area of study, being crime, is revealed in different varieties through out this particular episode of â€Å"Law & Order: UK. † Crime is a topic that is covered over a number issues such as theft, treason and rape + murder which is covered in this episode. There are many investigations, such as searching through the suspect’s house, going to his old neighborhood home etc. Interviews (with the suspect, witnesses, close acquaintances), identification (through photographs of both the victim and suspect) and court hearings (which occur quite frequently, which involve as many aspects as possible to help the jury decide whether Paul would be guilty or not) are all part of the tactics that the CSI team all go through to find the right person to fit the crime. According to medicine. com, a crime scene investigation (CSI) is defined as â€Å"the use of physical evidence at the scene of the crime and the use of deductive and inductive reasoning to gain knowledge of the events surrounding the crime. What are points of comparison between the source and your core text? * Between â€Å"Law & Order: UK† and â€Å"The Big Sleep† both investigating teams have tactics in order to find the suspected criminal/s. These are interviewing numerous people, asking around and getting hands on, in actually getting out into the field and doing work themselves. * Both have similar crimes involved: most common being murder. * Both involve a particular male / female role which is being victimised and criminal. Name of the source: Gangster Squad Type of source: Movie Area of Study: Crime Fiction Basic summary of the source content: â€Å"Gangster Squad† is a movie set in the late forties based on a true story set in Los Angeles. Mickey Cohen has become the most powerful figure in California’s criminal underworld, he is ruthless and controlling on both the legal and illegal sides of Los Angeles; he is known to have an â€Å"iron grip† over L. A. as nobody is willing to stand up to him in fear of the threatening gangster crew he carries around him. Until one day, the chief of Police, Chief Parker, has the idea to create a unit specialising in taking Cohen down to keep the city safe. A team is formed around Sargent O’Mara, who then asks four other police officers and a World War II Veteran to join his â€Å"gangster squad unit†. Another officer (Wooters) is asked to join the force but declines, as he is disillusioned from the war and his time on the police force. Wooters does although keep a close eye on Cohen and in doing so, becomes infatuated with his girlfriend / etiquette coach. As the team bugs Cohen’s house and keep a close eye on his surroundings, Cohen finds out in the process, and in result, the veteran is sacrificed. Things heat up and the plot turns into a full throttle war between the two squads after Cohen shoots into O’Mara’s home where his pregnant wife is at the time. Most of Cohen’s team is killed and later on O’Mara and Cohen go head to head in a boxing match where O’Mara wins and choen is jailed. How does your source reveal information, ideas and an increased understanding of the issues surrounding your area of study? There are more issues covered in this movie to deal with crime. Things such as blackmail, abduction, attempted rape (at the start of the movie), murder, theft, treason, adultery etc. Although this movie was based on a true story, crime fiction is used for entertainment purposes, which this is played up for that purpose. All of these different crimes make up a greater understanding of what is needed in a crime fiction story (detective, hard-boiled detective, red herring, crime, crime scene), which all relate back to the core text â€Å"The Big Sleep†, as there may be a different story line, the structure and purpose of each story is the same.

Neorealism vs. Neoliberalism

Mayixuan Li Ms. Reilly International Relations: Conflict and Cooperation in Global Politics October 22 2012 Neorealism, a concept of international relations that emerged in 1979 by Kenneth Waltz, is a theory which forces on demonstrating how the world works instead what the world ought to be. Neorealism thinkers claim that international structure is established by its ordering principle, which is anarchy, and by the distribution of power, measured by a number of great powers, which have the largest impact on what happens in world politics.Since there is no central agency that plays a role as â€Å"night watchman† (Mearsheimer, 2001, p. 5) to guarantee the security of states, the anarchic international system pushes great powers to maximize their relative powers in order to attain the minimum goal of their own survival. The trepidation of security is primary factor influencing great powers’ behavior, and in turn makes great powers quickly recognize that the best way to s urvive without protection is to perpetually expand actual military capability until reach the ultimate aim – hegemony.Great powers can never be certain about other states’ intentions, which makes them fear each other, and view each other as potential enemies who always have the capability and motive to attack them. To guarantee their own survival, great powers adopt the logic of self – help acting according to their self – interest, and always look for opportunities to alter the balance of power by acquiring additional power for themselves and by thwarting their rivals to increase powers. The self – help system gives rise of security dilemma that reflects basic logic of offensive realism.No matter a states becomes strong or weak, both strength and weakness in national security can be provocative to other great powers. Mearsheimer states: â€Å" The essence of the dilemma is that the measures a state takes to increase its own security usually decre ase the security of other states. † (Mearsheimer, 2001, p. 13) Neorealism offers a considerably broader definition of power, and view power as two types: actual power and latent power. Waltz states that power includes the following components: â€Å" size of population and territory, resource endowment, economic capability, military strength, political stability and ompetence. † (Waltz, 1979, p. 131) Actual power mainly points out military capability, such as army, air and naval forces, which directly gives great powers the wherewithal to hurt and possibly destroy each other. Latent power comprises size of population and territory, national wealth, and political stability. Rational great powers do not contend with current distribution of power, and always care about relative power rather than absolute power. They not only look for opportunities to take advantages of one another, but also work to ensure that other states do not take advantage of them.Before great powers take offensive actions, they consider carefully about the balance of power, about the costs and risks, and about both how much power they could increase and how much power their rivals could obtain. Nevertheless, great powers can never be sure how much power is enough to secure their survival in the ruthless international system. They not only strive to be the strongest, but also to be the only power – hegemony in the world. Mearsheimer defines:â€Å" A hegemon is a state that is so powerful that it dominates all the other states in the system. † (Mearsheimer, 2001, p. 0) In international relation history, no state has ever achieved global hegemony because of the stopping power of water. The best condition great power could obtain is to become regional hegemony, which dominates distinct geographical areas. Once a great power becomes regional hegemony, it does not want any peers to contend with it. Moreover, neorealism considers three possible systems – unipolar system, bipolar system, and multipolar system. Among all three systems, multipolar system is the most dangerous system, and is more war – prone than is bipolar system.Neorealism occasionally advocates fostering human rights. Great powers might pursue non-security goals as long as the requisite behavior does not violate the paramount goal – pursuit of relative power. Indeed, these non – security goals sometimes complements relative powers, such as economic capability or national wealth is the foundation and resource of military power. Furthermore, great powers seek to prevent war and keep peace, however, they are not driven by a will to build an independent world, but largely by narrow calculations about relative power.Cooperation among nations is difficult to achieve and always difficult to sustain since great powers always consider relative gains by themselves comparing to relative gains by another great power. Neorealism certainly asserts no amount of cooperat ion can eliminate the dominating logic of security competition. Neorealism locates causation in the anarchic international system, which forces great powers to act aggressively toward each other in the survive competition.Great powers compete to maximize their relative power not because they have a will to fight with each other but because this is the only optimal way to ensure their survival in the dangerous world. Neorealism concludes that the view of long lasting peace is not likely to be achieved by great power become global hegemony, so the world is condemned to perpetual great power competition. There are three great debates referring to a series of disagreements between international relations scholars. The second great debate was a dispute between neorealism and neoliberalism.Neoliberalism, a response to neorealism, views international system more optimistically, and argues the fact that the world has become more interdependent in economics and in communications as well as i n human aspirations. Neoliberals agree with neorealism that the anarchic nature of international system is an inevitable circumstance that states have to confront. Nevertheless, there is a general tendency of interdependence among actors across national boundaries to cooperate with each other in modern international system, which gives rise of the idea of complex interdependence.While neorealism views that cooperation between states can rarely happen, neoliberalism holds a greater belief in cooperation according to the prisoner’s dilemma. A tale of two prisoners who are questioned after committing an alleged crime. Neither prisoner knows that is being said by the other, but if they both cooperate and confess to the crime, their time in prison will be shortened, where if neither confesses the sentence length will be even shorter.However, if one confesses and the other does not, then the one who confessed will be set free and the one who did not will receive a lengthy jail term (Mingst 2004, p. 63). Neoliberalists use this to explain why states could wish to cooperate with each other, and even in an anarchic system of autonomous rational states, cooperation can still emerge through the building of norms, regimes and institutions. The importance of such cooperation is that actors have to play the game in an indefinite number of interactions, which abundantly conforms to the real international system.Moreover, neoliberalism recognizes not only sovereign states as important and rational actors, but also other actors are both principal and logical. Neoliberals always focus on absolute gains instead relative gains in such cooperation relationship. Multiple channels, summarized as interstate, trans – governmental, and transnational relation, provides more freedom to connect societies by both informal ties between nongovernmental elites and formal ties between governmental foreign offices. Through these channels political change occurs, in turns, states b ecome more interdependent.Since there are various cooperative issues in different areas among states, trans – governmental politics will make goals of states difficult to define. Neoliberalism also acknowledges more contributions made by international organizations, which helped to activate potential coalitions and strive to obtain opinion by every state. Furthermore, all non – security issues can no longer be subordinated to military security, which gives opportunities to a multitude of different agendas coming to the forefront.The line between domestic and foreign policy becomes blurred, and there is no hierarchy among issues. Military capability does not dominate the agenda anymore, and gradually becomes a less effective instrument to achieve other objectives such as economic and social goals. Nevertheless, the existence of mutual dependence does postulate another type of power. Sensitivity and vulnerability are two essential dimensions of states.When a costly impos ed situation from outside happens, the amount of sensitivity shows how quickly this imposed situation could affect one country from various aspects, and the vulnerability can be defined as an actor’s liability to suffer costs imposed by external events even after politics have been altered. Vulnerability is particularly important of interdependence structure. Even in the world of interdependence, there is no evenly balanced mutual dependence. Neoliberalism asserts two types of dependence, asymmetries in dependence, and symmetries in dependence, the latter hardly emerge.States can be less dependent or more dependent because of their level of sensibility and vulnerability. Less dependent actors can often use the interdependent relationship as a source of power in bargaining over an issue and perhaps to affect other issue. Power not only can be thought of as military capability, but also can be viewed as the ability of an actor to get others to do something they otherwise would not do. Neoliberalism claims that states act according to their self – interest to cooperate with each other, and to make the world more interdependence through different gendas. The use of military force is not exercised when complex interdependence prevails, so therefore the world could become more peaceful and prosperous. Bibliography Mearsheimer, John. The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. United States: 2011. Waltz, K. Theory of International Politics. United States: McGraw-Hill: 1979. Mingst, K. A. Essentials of International Relations. New York: W. W. Norton: 2004. Axelrod, Robert. The Evolution of Cooperation. United States. Keohane, Robert O. Power and Interdependence. United States: 2000.

Film Reveiw-Two Can Play at that Game essays

Film Reveiw-Two Can Play at that Game essays STARRING: Vivica .A. Fox, Morris Chestnut CRITICS WARNING: Sexual References, little offensive language, but great storyline. Colour 123 minutes Is your man playing up? Showing signs of infidelity or as Shante Smith (Vivica. A. Fox) would say... Is Your Man Showing His Ass? Director Mark Brown certainly knows how to entertain the female sex with a boy punching plot to capture any womans mind on a revenge pursuit to get back at her unfaithful man. An interesting style to this film is the narration of the storyline by the main character Shante Smith. It is a fun humorous film where black Americans and their comical ways deal with relationships set in the rich area of America Suburbia. Shante Smith- Senior Advertising executive from Parker and Law has a great life with no worries. Shante is the envy of her three best friends (Carla, Dianne, Leslie) as their relationships are failing. She uses their experiences with men as examples to relate advice to women. One example she provides is that the most common excuse from men, for a woman to know her man is cheating, is Im Working late! One night when she and the girls get together to have a few drinks her man Keith (Morris Chestnut) calls to say he cant make it because hes Working Late! Now Shante is forced to launch her 10 day plan to get him back into her arms using some very intriguing tactics. It is a captivating story of a woman who thought she had it all. Now she must use her own advice for her own experiences. It is a very easy film to follow as it transforms into in a 10 day sequence. The drama of Shantes efforts to retrieve her man is very entertaining. Set in the wealthy areas of America, there is more focus on the attractive actors than any scenery within the film. Fox plays an excellent role as the dominant female, leading the way, until she meets rival Conn ...

Ice Storm of 1998 in Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick

Ice Storm of 1998 in Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick For six days in January 1998, freezing rain coated Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick with 7-11 cm (3-4 in) of ice. Trees and hydro wires fell and utility poles and transmission towers came down causing massive power outages, some for as long as a month. It was the most expensive natural disaster in Canada. According to Environment Canada, the ice storm of 1998 directly affected more people than any other previous weather event in Canadian history. Date January 5-10, 1998 Location Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick, Canada Size of the Ice Storm of 1998 The water equivalent of freezing rain, ice pellets, and a little snow was double previous major ice storms.The area covered was massive, extending from Kitchener, Ontario through Quebec to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, and also covering parts of New York and New England.Most freezing rain lasts for a few hours. In the ice storm of 1998, there were more than 80 hours of freezing rain, nearly double the annual average. Casualties and Damage from the Ice Storm of 1998 28 people died, many from hypothermia.945 people were injured.Over 4 million people in Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick lost power.About 600,000 people had to leave their homes.130 power transmission towers were destroyed and more than 30,000 utility poles fell.Millions of trees fell, and more continued to break and fall for the rest of the winter.The estimated cost of the ice storm was $5,410,184,000.By June 1998, about 600,000 insurance claims totaling more than $1 billion were filed. Summary of Ice Storm of 1998 Freezing rain started on Monday, January 5, 1998, as Canadians were starting back to work after the Christmas holidays.The storm coated everything in glassy ice, making all forms of transportation treacherous.As the storm continued, layers of ice built up, weighing down power lines and poles, and causing massive power outages.At the height of the ice storm, 57 communities in Ontario and 200 in Quebec declared a disaster. More than 3 million people were without power in Quebec and 1.5 million in Eastern Ontario. About 100,000 people went into shelters.By Thursday, January 8, the military was brought in to help clear debris, provide medical assistance, evacuate residents, and canvass door-to-door to make sure people were safe. They also worked to restore power.Power was restored in most urban areas in a matter of days, but many rural communities suffered for much longer. Three weeks after the beginning of the storm, there were still 700,000 people without power.Farmers were especially hard hit. Nearly a quarter of Canadas dairy cows, a third of the cropland in Quebec and a quarter in Ontario were in the affected areas. Milk processing plants were shut, and about 10 million liters of milk had to be dumped.Much of the sugar bush used by Quebec maple syrup producers were permanently destroyed. It was estimated that it would take 30 to 40 years before syrup production could return to normal.

Market Structures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Market Structures - Essay Example An oligopoly, on the other hand is a market situation where there are few competitors in the market, but each competitor is large enough to affect the market price. The concentration of power rests on a few players now, rather than just one. And like in the case of the monopolist, while there is competition already, each player still has enough power to curb production, affect quantity of output or raise prices. While there has been a very fine line between an oligopoly and cartel, the difference lies between the formalization of groups that comprise the competition to serve a common purpose. In an oligopoly, the individual players have enough power to affect prices in the market. When these players form a group of a common purpose in order to regulate the supply in a certain market, thus actively controlling the price it becomes a cartel. The difference between an oligopoly and a cartel lies in forming an association between the players to limit the competition. An example of a monopoly is a power distribution company that serves a certain area. Monopolies of these sorts are apparent in networks, in order to ensure a certain level of supply to keep prices from fluctuating and hurting consumers. The telephone service industry is an example of oligopoly. The players in the industry can affect the market price of various telephone services by preempting to control prices of a service, which could lead the other competitors to either follow or counter the attack. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is a good example of a cartel. In order to regulate the supply in the oil market, these countries form in order to produce a quota, or certain amount of supply in accordance to their contribution to the supply target of the cartel. Monopolies and oligopolies over time accumulate as much resources that are enough to fund breakthrough scientific discoveries and research and

Intangible assets Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intangible assets - Research Paper Example The increased globalization of international trade and investment has been accompanied by adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards IFRS by many countries. Other reasons for the adoption of IFRS are that international investors can access and understand more information with regards to capital markets and financial statements. In addition, adoption of IFRS decreases the cost of doing business across borders. There are differences on the reporting requirements between US GAAP and IFRS. Firstly, US GAAP differentiates specific financial instruments that are liabilities if they fall within the categorization of being both debt and equity. On the other hand, IFRS requires that such categorization should focus on whether there are contractual obligations involved in delivery of an organization’s own equity shares, cash or assets2. Another key difference relates to the presentation of financial statements. IFRS requires the preparation of a third balance sheet with related notes at the start of the comparative period where an entity restates the financial statements or adopts a new accounting policy. Meanwhile, there are no such requirements under the US GAAP. IFRS forbids presentation of extraordinary items in income statements whilst the US GAAP is confined to unusual and infrequent entries. Under stock costing methods, IFRS is strictly prohibited while under US GAAP LIFO is allowed, but a consistent cost formula must be used. The measurement of stock uses the lower cost of market value in US GAAP whilst IFRS values inventory at the net realizable value or the lower cost 3. The concept of intangible assets is found under US GAAP in (ASC 350) intangibles Goodwill and others (ASC 805) Business combinations and (IFRS 38) Intangible Assets or IFRS 3(R) Business Combinations. Similarly, both systems view intangible assets as identifiable non monetary assets without physical substance. Identifiable

Get Write Existing Data Sources Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Get Write Existing Data Sources - Coursework Example The weakness of conducting field research is that it is highly subjective and therefore is weak in terms of reliability (Maxfield & Babbie, 2006). Another weakness is that there can be disagreements between researchers concerning the events or subjects of the research. My research is on illegal immigration and high crime rate in the United States of America. Based on my research proposal, the researchers will be collecting information regarding the perception of hate crimes and illegal immigrants from U.S. residents. Therefore, field research is definitely appropriate for this research proposal. The participants in the field will provide significant information regarding their perception about the issues concerning illegal immigration with special emphasis on social crime rates in the area where they live. Being a resident in that area, participants can provide first hand information regarding illegal immigration and how it affects their daily life. Field research will therefore help to gather both qualitative and quantitative data regarding illegal immigration and hate crimes from the residents of the

Prescription Drug Abuse

Prescription Drug Abuse Introduction. When we think of drug addicts and abuse we normally think of people who take the common street drugs such as cocaine, crack, heroine, or other illegal drugs. However most people dont realize or take seriously the growing number of abusers of prescription drugs currently in our country. There is a common misconception that just because a doctor prescribes a certain drug that that is somehow safer and different than using the so-called street drugs. After all, you are being given a prescription to take the drug by your physician, and it is not illegal or a crime. However, we must realize that addiction isnt limited to just illicit drugs on the street, but often doctor prescribed medications as well. Prescription drugs have improved and saved countless numbers of lives over the years as many new breakthroughs have been achieved in science and medicine in treating a variety of known diseases. â€Å"However, using these drugs without the supervision of a physician or for purposes different from their intended use can lead to serious adverse consequences, including death from overdose and physical addiction. Because many prescription drugs are often opiate based, when abused, these drugs can be as addictive and dangerous as illegal drugs.† 1) (Pat Moore Foundation | Prescription Drug Abuse, 2009). According to (M.D ,Volkow, 2005), director at the National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2) â€Å"an estimated 48 million people (ages 12 and older), have used prescription drugs for non-medical reasons, which represents approximately 20 percent of the U.S. population.† Additionally, 3) â€Å"in 2000, about 43 percent of hospital emergency admissions for drug overdoses (nearly 500,000 people) happened because of misused prescription drugs, and in â€Å"2006 alone, 700,000 emergency room visits were attributed to prescription drug overdoses.† 4) (Thibodeau, 2009). This type of drug abuse is increasing at an alarming rate because of their widespread availability, including online pharmacies which have made it much easier for anyone regardless of age to acquire drugs without a prescription. (Prescription Drug Abuse Information | Drug Rehab Programs, 2009). 3) â€Å"One of the most common and primary methods of obtaining prescription drugs by addicts is by doctor shopping according to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).†5) This method refers to a person who continually searches out different doctors to prescribe the same medications in order to feed their addictions. I think most of us either know or have known individuals or even family members who have resorted to this type of behavior in order to get prescription drugs for this purpose. The most common types of drugs that are often abused are central nervous system depressants such as benzodiazepines or tranquilizers, frequently prescribed for anxiety and sleeping disorders, opioids and narcotics for pain relief, and stimulants such as those given for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. 6) (Prescription Drug Abuse Chart Drugs of Abuse and Related Topics NIDA, 2009) â€Å"For example, U.S. prescriptions for stimulants (including those taken for ADHD) increased from around 5 million in 1991 to almost 35 million in 2007. Prescriptions for opioid painkillers such as oxycodone (OxyContin) and hydrocodone (Vicodin) increased from 40 million in 1991 to 180 million in 2007.† 7) (Mayo Clinic, 2008). I feel the reasons for this significant increase in prescription drug abuse is simple. We live in a society today that tells you a pill can cure and solve all of your problems no matter what they are. All we have to do is turn on the television and see the constant bombardment of advertisements for the latest prescription drugs on the market. As a result, the pharmaceutical industry is making billions of dollars off of people and is certainly not going to complain, thus encouraging and driving the epidemic even more. Furthermore, these drugs are relatively easy to obtain and are socially acceptable by the vast majority of the public compared to illegal drugs. In just the past several years, we have seen the emergence and proliferation of many â€Å"pain clinics† throughout the United States. Although not all are bad, some of these facilities as stated by 8) (Silverman Brown, MD, 2009), â€Å"are often non-physician owned and operate just inside the law. The physicians who practice in these facilities are rarely accredited through board certification processes, and many take no insurance and advertise confidential, cash only services. Some even advertise armed guards in the waiting rooms. With no oversight, these facilities serve as a source for a continuous supply of controlled substances to often times addicted and sometimes naÃÆ' ¯ve people. It is not uncommon to find patients of these facilities receiving tens of thousands of milligrams of opioid medications each month.† With these types of programs and clinics operating and encouraging such drug abuse, I feel that the people who really need these medications are often the ones who suffer, such as individuals with painful terminal diseases and illnesses like cancer. I experienced this first-hand with my mother several years ago when she was diagnosed with terminal lung cancer that had metastasized to her bones, and helplessly watched her suffer from pain. While she was undergoing radiation treatments at a cancer clinic, her doctor there stated that she should use Advil to help with her pain and that the government was cracking down on schedule drugs that were prescribed. My response to this is, if cancer patients cant get the necessary pain medications they desperately need, yet addicts can get all they want, then there is something very wrong with this country we live in and our health care system. Conclusion. What is important to recognize and become aware of about prescription drug abuse is that it is much the same as other forms of illegal drug abuse such as cocaine or heroin, and no one is immune. It can be just as dangerous and deadly as other illicit drugs, and affects individuals of all ages, races, gender, and socio-economic backgrounds. It can also destroy families, jobs, and homes as well as having fatal health consequences. In fact, use of prescription drugs now causes more deaths than heroin and cocaine combined, according to the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration.† 9) (Treatment Solutions Network, 2009). Furthermore, with the recent tragic and untimely deaths of celebrities such as Michael Jackson, Anna Nicole Smith, and Heath Ledger related to prescription drug abuse, I feel this problem is finally being brought to the forefront and exposed, bringing a much needed awareness to the dangers and consequences of abusing prescription drugs. References: 1) Pat Moore Foundation | Prescription Drug Abuse. (n.d.). . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from http://www.patmoorefoundation.com/prescription-drug-abuse 2 M.D ,Volkow, N. (2005). NIDA Research Report Series Prescription Drugs: Abuse and Addiction. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from http://www.drugabuse.gov/ResearchReports/Prescription/Prescription.html 3) Prescription Drug Abuse Information | Drug Rehab Programs. (2009). . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from http://www.prescription-drug-abuse.org/ 4) Thibodeau, D. (2009, October 20). Prescription drug abuse now tops illegal drug use | GoDanRiver. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from http://www2.godanriver.com/gdr/news/local/danville_news/article/prescription_drug_abuse_now_tops_illegal_drug_use/14771/ 5) Drug Addiction Doctor Shopping Chronic Pain Medication Addiction. (2009). . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from http://www.drug-addiction.com/doctor_shopping.htm 6) Prescription Drug Abuse Chart Drugs of Abuse and Related Topics NIDA. (2009). . Retrieved December 6, 2009, from http://www.nida.nih.gov/DrugPages/PrescripDrugsChart.html 7) Mayo Clinic. (2008). Prescription drug abuse MSN Health Fitness Addiction|Quit Smoking. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from http://health.msn.com/health-topics/addiction/articlepage.aspx?cp-documentid=100211994 8) Silverman, MD, S. M., Brown, MD, L. (2009). Prescription Drug Abuse: In the US and Florida. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from http://www.hgexperts.com/article.asp?id=6649 9) Treatment Solutions Network. (2009). Prescription Drug Abuse and Addiction. Retrieved December 6, 2009, from http://www.treatmentsolutionsnetwork.com/prescription-drug-abuse.html Prescription Drug Abuse Prescription Drug Abuse Sophia Ranta   Ã‚   Combing through the stories on the internet, I came across a shocking, testimonial of a woman who became addicted to OxyContin. Her name was Cheryl. She suffered from Fibromyalgia, which caused her to be in constant pain. When her pain became too unbearable, she went to see her family physician. Immediately, her physician prescribed her OxyContin, but stressed how important it was to follow the correct amount of dosage. At first, she was careful and cautious. Very quickly, Cheryl liked the feeling of not being in pain anymore. She craved the drugs potency, so she began abusing the drug. Some of the side effects that Cheryl suffered from were: weight loss, black-outs, isolation, no personal hygiene care, and general chaos all around her. Even though she visited her doctor every month, he never spent more than 10 minutes with her. She was able to trick him into writing a new prescription every time. Eventually, the way she broke her addiction was when she overdosed and suffered from ca rdiac arrest. The doctors were able to save her life.   Then she began the long road of recovery and rehabilitation. Since the administration of opiates is often unintentionally overused and abused, with addictions abounding, a new perspective is needed to create appropriate care plans for patients. First and foremost, in order to gain a new perspective, it would be helpful to obtain a greater understanding of prescription opiate abuse. ONeil and Hannah describe prescription drug abuse as the use of a legend drug in a way not intended by an authorized prescriber of the medication. The intent of prescription drug abuse is to obtain an altered state of mood or behavior. Prescription drug abuse frequently involves circumventing the intended route of drug administration. This is a statement that gives a clear understanding of what drug abuse is as a whole. Opiates are prescribed by doctors to control pain. With the prescription of opiates there is a specific individualized care plan that doctors carefully go over with each patient. There are two sides to prescription opiate abuse: intentional and unintentional. Intentional abuse is having the mind set of misusing the prescription. Patients who intentionally manipulate their care plan do so because they desire the high that comes fro m using the drug. A second reason, people choose to self-medicate is to dull emotional pain. The other form of opiate abuse is unintentional. Patients taking opiates due to pain may take more than their prescribed amount because they think they can cure the cause of their pain. This inadvertently leads to addiction. Having a greater understanding of opiate abuse will provide knowledge in accessing whether an individual is addicted to their prescription or not. Next, this new perspective requires an understanding of how the brain is negatively impacted by opioids. Narcotics and opiates can become extremely addictive. But how does that work within the brain and all the science behind it? Hagaman gives an excellent representation of how the brain is affected from opiate usage. Opiates are considered extremely addictive and this addiction can affect the structure and function of the brain. Opiates can alter the brain and affect ones motivation and emotions. The brain changes over time and hence a persons behavior changes. Moreover, if one uses a high enough dose of drugs, frequently enough, and over a long period of time, the drugs can change the way the brain works. The way in which the nerve cells communicate is changed so a compulsive, out of control use develops despite experiencing some of the many side effects. More specific effects of opiates on the brain include changes in the synapses and shapes of brain cells. Chronic use is linked w ith structural changes in the size and shape of specific neurons. That is to say that there is a difference noticed in the brain between a chronic opiate user and an occasional user (Hagaman). The human brain is a complex organ that when manipulated, can affect the entire body and throw it off balance. The science of the manipulation of the brains neurotransmitters when exposed to narcotics is explained. Narcotic painkillers bind to opiate receptors which are typically bound by special hormones called neurotransmitters. When painkillers are used for a long period of time, the body slows down production of these natural chemicals and makes the body less effective in relieving pain naturally. That is because narcotic painkillers fool the body into thinking it has already produced enough chemicals as there becomes an overabundance of these neurotransmitters in the body. Existing neurotransmitters have nothing to bind with, as the drugs have taken their place on the opiate receptors (Ef fects 2015). Thus, the brain produces less of its own neurotransmitters to relieve pain, and becomes dependent upon the opiates. The human brain is a delicate organ that when distorted, struggles to regain normal cognitive function and the ability to maintain homeostasis for survival.   Other organs can also be injured. Painkiller use and abuse also can affect nerve cells. Additionally, based on the manner in which the drug is used, painkiller abuse can cause long-term heart damage and increase the likelihood of a heart attack (Effects 2015). Medical care personnel need to fathom the perils narcotic painkillers can have on the human body. It is necessary for health care workers to understand how the brain is negatively impacted by narcotics. Third, to continue building this new model, education is necessary to teach about true addiction and the need to create appropriate medical care solutions. Society today sees drug abuse only coming from illegal drugs and not from prescribed drugs. Opiates are one of the most often prescribed pain medications. The abuse of opioid drugs is a public health epidemic that has been growing since the mid-1990s (Maxwell 2015). To recognize and stop the opiate abuse, education is necessary for the public. Having the knowledge to identify prescription drug abuse can lower the risk of addictions. Even now schools are introducing programs to explain and warn the dangers of overuse of prescription drugs. RX for Understanding is one resource widely used. This training program, resources, and tool kit empower principals, teachers, school nurses, and other specialized instructional support personnel to begin a dialogue in their schools about prescription drug abuse. Schools can use this program to i nform parents, students, and educators about the growing problem of prescription drug abuse through school assemblies, lesson plans, and informational materials for teens and parents (Embrey 2014). In time, the goal is that the general public will have a broader comprehension of the dangers of prescription drug abuse which will carry over into the medical setting. In the meantime, education must be provided to patients and family on the potency and hazards of long term use of opiates. Second, education of physicians could also greatly reduce the growth of this trend. Understanding prescribing patterns, as well as the perceptions of adverse effects associated with these agents, is crucial because these physicians play a critical role in curtailing the prescription drug abuse epidemic, said Catherine S. Hwang of the center for drug safety and effectiveness and the department of epidemiology at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, and her associates (Moon 201 5). Physicians need to be informed of the adverse pattern of prescription drug misuse as much as students. Third, health care providers require an understanding of the psychological effects of long-term drug use in order to treat patients with compassion and wisdom. If patients cannot trust their physicians, their pain may be compounded by feelings of isolation and fear (Johnson 2007). Perception is a powerful lens by which decisions and responses are made. Johnson introduces a triad of factors in understanding the psychological aspect of addiction. The first includes a patients biology (brain chemistry and genetics). The second involves self-medicating, in which patients use medications in response to feeling helpless about emotions generated in interpersonal situations or to treat a psychiatric disorder. The third aspect notes that addictive drugs may serve as a companion, substituting for meaningful relationships with other people. A physician may feel trapped by this combination of factors when the patient behaves in a subtly complex way and attempts to get his or her feeling of helplessness understood by the physician. As a result, the physician may feel compelled to issue a prescription as the only way to immediately disengage from an uncomfortable encounter. Unfortunately, this same process is likely to recur at the next visit (Johnson 2007).   Grasping a greater knowledge and understanding of the psychological side is imperative in guiding those who suffer from addiction to safety. Effective care can be given when caregivers have proper understanding of the potency and danger involved in the use of narcotics. Continuing on with education, another element in constructing this new medical perspective, is the need for health care workers to be educated to recognize signs and symptoms of pain, as well as the use of alternative methods to address pain relief. Pain demands an answer. Having pain is very common in older adults, but it is never normal. There is almost always a real problem behind pain (Resources). Understanding what causes the pain is crucial in knowing how to treat it. Arthritis and Muscle pain are quite common in the elderly. When pain is severe enough, patients may lose the ability to move comfortably or be incapable of doing activities of daily living. Sleeping may become so painful that it would not be enjoyable anymore. Pain can lead to other problems such as losing the ability to move around and do everyday activities. The sufferer may have trouble sleeping, experience bad moods, or develop a poor self-image. In addition, people with pain often become anxious or depressed. They may be at greater risk for falls, weight loss, poor concentration, and difficulties with relationships (Resources). Once understanding the patients level of pain, health care workers can formulate a plan of treatment. Health care workers need to provide different methods for relieving pain before administering addictive narcotics. Resources suggests several methods to be used first, before embarking on a long road of recovery from addictive opiates. Treatments such as physical therapy, massage, heat and/or cold packs, exercise, and relaxation therapy may be tried first (Resources). These methods are all non-narcotic options. Non-narcotics pain medication, other options are offered Acetaminophen is recommended as the safest type of pain reliever for long-term use (Resources). Acetaminophen pain medication includes the following: Ibuprofen, Aspirin, Naproxen. These treatments may be beneficial and eliminate the need for narcotics. Having a broader base of treatment options, may help to reduce the risk of addiction to opiates as well as administer comfort to the patient. A fifth point to consider with this new medical model must include detoxification as part of the plan of care. An example of this detoxification piece is the organization ISIS. Nevertheless, there is a place in primary care for community detoxification in substance misuse, as demonstrated by the primary care service pioneered at the Integrated Substance-misuse Islington Service (ISIS) by NHS Islington. ISIS is a primary care open access drug service that assesses and processes drug users for treatment. If patients have complex needs, they are directed to the appropriate services (Fernandez 2011). Patients may need to go from an acute hospital setting into a detox center before entering a skilled nursing facility for rehab. An acute hospital setting provides a quick detoxification of the body to remove the potency of the drugs by pumping the stomach for example. This gives the patient an immediate solution from the overdose of drugs. The detox center is the next step in the rehabilita tion process. The detox center offers a specific plan for each individuals needs. Patients suffering from drug abuse will go through a detoxification program provided by their local detox center. There are two types of detoxification: community and inpatient. The inpatient detoxification regimen consists of a five- to ten-day admission to a specialist centre for patients who present with a profile that is clinically risky for example, polydrug use with mental health problems. Community detoxification is for patients who have a minimal risk profile however, this often excludes patients with alcohol and substance misuse (Fernandez 2011). Fernandez gives an organized and complete layout of what a patients plan of care for detoxification should look like. Including detoxification into a patients plan of care will ensure that the process of detox is performed safely and effectively. Based on the patients individualized needs, each detox center will provide a plan of care for the rehabi litation to come. The importance of a detoxification center is to safely assist each patient with the cleansing of their body from the drug toxins. Next, the new medical model will allow for doctors to be better informed of the patients history with opiates and narcotics. When interviewing a patient about their history with pain medications, doctors and medical care workers need to have discernment about asking the right kinds of questions. Examples of questions that need to be asked would include the following. Do you have a history of seizures or epilepsy? Have you had previous treatment for alcohol dependence? What previous detoxification regimens have you completed? Do you have any mental health issues that could compromise the detoxification regimen? Have you had any recent liver function tests? (Fernandez). Other examples of questions could include: How long have you been taking narcotics? How often? What was the original prescribed amount? Do you have a history of using narcotics? Do you have any relatives that have suffered from addiction? These are only a selected few questions that should be asked of a patient with a h istory of narcotics. In determining the right kind of care plan, doctors need to better comprehend what each patient has been through. Obtaining a greater understanding of a patients history can help to distinguish what the proper treatment should be. Furthermore, this new medical model requires anger management training to better help equip those who are going through detox. Anger is known to be included in the side effects from drug abuse. Anger is a big problem for many people and its often one of the complicating factors for those struggling with addiction (Roes 2007). The anger can become compounded due to the process of detoxing that a patient must go through. Hazardous situations can occur when a patient is struggling with the detoxification. For example, the patient might try to harm themselves, lash out at the medical care workers that are trying to help them, or even family and friends who are trying to support them through the detox. Some examples of ways to help a patient decrease from anger or improve anger management are expounded upon by Roes. First, count to 10. Or 110. This simple and time-tested practice really helps. The more time a client buys by postponing anger, the more likely he/she will act rationally rath er than emotionally. Second, relaxation techniques are often helpful: deep breathing, listening to soothing music, taking a hot bath, etc. These calm the physical sensations associated with anger. Third, distraction (thinking about something else) also can help. As our thoughts turn to another topic, there are fewer thoughts to feed our anger. Finally, do something incompatible with anger. Kiss your spouse, or pet your dog. These types of activities can help displace anger with more agreeable emotions (Roes 2007).   These are just a few examples to help a patient deal with the side effect of anger. Another example is given in guiding an aggravated patient to a calm level. Keeping a log also can be helpful. If clients list what they think, how they feel, and how they choose to act in an angry situation, they can become more aware of their triggers. They also can become more aware of what thoughts feed their anger, and what thoughts starve it. The more deeply ingrained the ange r problem, the more likely it is that cognitive, rather than solely behavioral, interventions will promote lasting change (Roes 2007). Focusing on cognitive interventions can help the patient slow down to think rationally. One of the ways to help patients think rationally is to have a list of questions to ask themselves. Examples of questions could include: What just happened to make me angry? Was it what was said? How it was said? Or who said it? How am I going to respond without hurting myself or someone else? These questions can be personalized by health care workers to address the type of anger the patient is experiencing.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   It is essential for medical care providers to know how to assess each situation involving drug abuse and anger management. Moreover, this new medical model can be useful in understanding how cognitive therapy can aid with anger management, a secondary by-product of addiction. Roes gives a great representation of how anger management can be facilitated with the use of cognitive therapy. Cognitive therapy has proven successful for even the most severe problems of anger management. For perpetrators of domestic violence, for example, the belief that its OK to use anger, power, and control to get what you want might be a focus of therapy. Successful change to a more prosocial type of thinking would reduce both the anger and the likelihood of victimizing others (Roes 2007).   The term prosocial means being able to interact with people in a persons social setting.   Being prosocial means a persons behavior is positive and helpful when interacting with others. Those who are becoming prosocial are learning to focus on integrating positively with others, so they will be more careful to control their anger. Redirecting neurological pathways can help in correcting the damage that has been done to the brain.   Cognitive therapy can help a patient retrain their brain so that anger is not their first response. This type of therapy, overall, can reduce the amount of anger a patient experiences, because they have become better prepared to deal with situations that create anger. Cognitive therapy has proven to aid with anger management, a secondary by-product of addiction. In conclusion, a new perspective is needed to create appropriate care plans for patients suffering from prescription drug abuse. One must obtain a greater understanding of prescription opiate abuse. The brain is negatively impacted by opioids. Education is necessary to teach about true addiction and the need to create appropriate medical care solutions. The need for health care workers to be educated to recognize signs and symptoms of pain, as well as the use of alternative methods to address pain relief is essential. The plan of care must include detoxification. Doctors must be better informed of the patients history with opiates and narcotics. Anger management training should be included to better help equip those who are going through detox. Cognitive therapy can aid with anger management. As previously mentioned, Cheryl was only trying to control the pain she was experiencing. However, she loved the feeling of being pain free and was able to manipulate her doctors into continuous ly prescribing her pain medication without closely monitoring her. The personal testimony of Cheryl demonstrates the flaws of prescription opiates and the addictions that are taking place. Since the administration of opiates is often unintentionally overused and abused, with addictions abounding, a new perspective is needed to create appropriate care plans for patients that will help save lives. Work Cited Embrey, Mary Louise, and Libby K. Nealis. 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